DE LOS APODERADOS ESPECIALES ADUANEROS

ASME Section IX was developed to provide a common location for welding qualifications for the ASME Codes. The intent of Section IX is to provide

information on the qualifications of welding procedures and welding personnel for the new construction of boilers and pressure vessels. Section IX is now referenced by other codes such as API 570 and most other API Standards.

The organization of Section IX is described in the introduction.

Article I is the general article and contains information relative to the remainder of the book. The paragraphs in Article I are numbered QW-100. Article I contains the acceptance criteria, types of tests, etc.

Article II deals with welding procedure qualifications. The paragraphs in Article II are numbered QW-200.

Article III provides the information needed to qualify welders and operators. The paragraphs in Article III are numbered QW-300.

Article IV is titled Welding Data, this article contains the variables, tables and figures used to qualify personnel and procedures. NOTE: Do not go to Article IV unless one of the other articles references you there.

Article V, Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPS). This section gives the details for allowing the use of prequalified procedures , as outlined by the American Welding Society.

The forward of Section IX contains the following information:

Directions for submitting interpretations to ASME, the effective dates of addenda, (Addenda becomes mandatory six months after issue.) and Code cases.

Section IX is used to qualify procedures and personnel.

The following welding processes are addressed by Section IX: OFW Oxyfuel Welding

SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding SAW Submerged Arc Welding GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding FCAW Flux Core Arc Welding GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding PAW Plasma Arc Welding

ESW Electroslag Welding EGW Electrogas Welding EBW Electron Beam Welding SW Stud Welding

Section II, Part C is the part of Section II that describes welding materials. Section II, Part C, describes:

The Processes that may be used with each electrode, recommended storage information, an explanation of the AWS symbols, positions to be used with electrodes and recommended polarity and current.

A welding procedure shows compatibility of: Base metals

Filler metals Processes Technique

When writing a procedure, a good method to use would be to write a sample procedure, weld a test coupon, prepare the test specimen and test them, evaluate the results and document them on and certify the PQR. Considerations involved when writing a procedure include:

Economy, the compatibility of the base and weld metal, metallurgical and mechanical properties of the weld, heat treatment requirements, service requirements, welder’s ability and equipment available.

The manufacturer must qualify the WPS, maintain the WPS and PQR while welding is being performed and provide a listing of all procedures that may be used on code items.

The code forms provided in Section IX are not mandatory, any form may be used provided all the required variables are addressed.

The general approaches to procedure qualification is usually in one of two forms: Prequalified procedures

These are AWS welding procedures used only for structural welding and do not require testing. The user is limited to specific weld joints and specific weld processes (see AWS D 1.1).

ASME Section IX, 2001 Edition, Paragraph QW-100.1 now allows AWS Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPS), as listed in

Appendix E or in accordance with Article V. Procedure qualification testing

These are API and ASME requirements. Both require actual welding to be performed and destructively tested.

ASME procedure qualification testing uses a listing of essential variables in the creation of weld procedures. Essential variables are those in which a change is considered to affect the mechanical properties of the weldment, and shall require requalification of the WPS, ASME IX Paragraph QW - 251.2.

Under ASME rules the welding procedure begins with the creation of the WPS. This information is taken from ASME IX and outlines the ranges of materials, electrodes

and other general aspects. Then the PQR is created, performed and tested and used as proof for the WPS. The WPS can have many supporting PQRs.

The basic steps in qualifying a WPS are as follows:

• Write a sample around construction parameters and Code variables (QW-250) • Establish a test coupon size (QW-451)

• Weld the test coupon using the parameters established.

• Monitor all variables and record at least the essential variables on the PQR. If notch toughness is a requirement, a supplementary essential variable must be recorded.

• Cut the coupons into specimens (QW-462). • Make the required tests per QW-451.

• Evaluate the results against the appropriate criteria found in Article I. • If acceptable, certify the PQR

• Approve the WPS for use on Code piping or other Code applications. • Release the approved WPS and PQR for production.

The required tests for procedure qualifications are described in QW-202. This paragraph requires 2 tensile tests and 4 bend tests minimum for groove weld qualification. Table QW-451 provides information on coupon size, ranges and test requirements for groove weld qualification.

QW-451.1

GROOVE-WELD TENSION TESTS AND TRANSVERSE-BEND TESTS

Range of Thickness T

of Base Metal Thickness t of Deposited Type and Number of Tests Required Qualified, in. Weld Metal Qualified, in. Tension and Guided-Bend Tests [Note (1)] [Note (1)] [Note (4] Thickness T of Test Tension Side Bend Face Bend Root Bend Coupon Welded, in. Min. Max. Max. QW-150 QW-160 QW-160 QW-160 Less than 1/16 T 2T 2t 2 . . . 2 2 1/16 to 3/8, include. 1/16 2T 2t 2 Note (3) 2 2 Over 3/8, but less than 3/4 3/16 2T 2t 2 Note (3) 2 2 3/4 to less than 1 1/2 3/16 2T 2t when t < 3/4 2 (5) 4 . . . . . .

3/4 to less than 1 1/2 3/16 2T 2t when t > 3/4 2 (5) 4 . . . . . .

1 1/2 and over 3/16 8 (2) 2t when t < 3/4 2 (5) 4 . . . . . .

1 1/2 and over 3/16 8 (2) 8 (2) when t > 3/4 2 (5) 4 . . . . . .

NOTES:

(1) See QW-403 (.2, .3, .6, .9, .10), QW-404.32, and QW-407.4 for further limits on range of thickness qualified. Also see QW-202 (.2, .3, .4) for allowable exceptions.

(2) For the welding processes of QW-403.7 only; otherwise per Note (1) or 2T, or 2t, whichever is applicable. (3) Four side-bend tests may be substituted for the required face- and root-bend tests, when thickness T is 3/8 in. and over.

(4) For combination of welding procedures, see QW-200.4.

Weld procedure specimens, guided bends are also used for welder qualification tests. Square

Tensile Specimens

Guided Bends