Argumentos en contra del aniquilacionismo

167 ●晉獻公欲得隨會也，魏州餘請召之。乃 令君羊（佯）囚己，斬桎堬（逾）□□□□□ □□28。曉朝曰：「魏州餘來也，台（殆） □□隨會也」君弗□也。（魏）【州】餘果 與隋會出，曉朝矰〈贈〉之以【策】29， 曰：「□□吾矰（贈）子，子毋以秦□□人， 吾謀實不用□。」□□□與吏□□聞之【曰】 ：「□□30□□□□□亡人以□□□□□□□□□□魏州 餘□□□□□□□□□31□□□□□□□□□矣果□不欺□ 是以二【子】弗知畏難而□□□□晉邦□□32□ □謀而曉朝得之，椁其心也。二子畏其後 事，必謀危之。」□□會果使（諜）（讒） 之曰33：「是知餘事，將因我于晉。」秦 大夫信之，君殺曉朝34。

When the Duke Xian of Jin desired to get Suihui [i.e., Shehui 士會 in the Zuozhuan], he asked Zhouyu [i.e., Shouyu 壽餘] of Wei to summon him. Thereupon he [Zhouyu; Shouyu] made his Lord [i.e., Duke Xian of Jin] feign imprisoning him [Zhouyu; Shouyu], and he [feigned] cutting off the fetters and ran off… Xiaochao [i.e., Raochao 繞朝 in the Zuozhuan; a high official of Qin] said: “Zhouyu of Wei’s coming will endanger … Suihui.” But the Lord [of Qin] did not (listen). Zhouyu of Wei indeed escaped with Suihui. Xiaochao, presenting him [Zhouyu] a whip, said: “ … [Just because] I give you this, you should not (think), by that, Qin (does not have talented) men … My plan has in fact not been used …” … with an official, heard that and said: “ … by failing a person … Zhouyu of Wei … Indeed, … not deceiving, … by this, both of them (i.e., Zhouyu and Suihui) did not know fear and difficulty, and … the state of Jin … plot but Xiaochao saw through the plan, because he (i.e., Xiaochao) understood their (i.e., Zhouyu and Suihui) minds. Both of them are afraid of upcoming events and now must plot and put Xiaochao at risk.” … (Sui)hui indeed devised a scheme and slandered him (i.e., Xiaochao), [Xiaochao] said, “This is because I know what events are left (for me). I am going to base myself in Jin.” The high officials of Qin trusted these words, and the lord killed Xiaochao.

十三年，春，晉侯使詹嘉處瑕，以守桃林 之塞，晉人患秦之用士會也，夏，六卿相 見於諸浮，趙宣子曰，隨會在秦，賈季在 狄，難日至矣，若之何，中行桓子曰，請 復賈季，能外事，且由舊勳，郤成子曰， 賈季亂，且罪大，不如隨會，能賤而有恥 ，柔而不犯，其知足使也，且無罪，乃使 魏壽餘偽以魏叛者，以誘士會，執其帑於 晉，使夜逸，請自歸于秦，秦伯許之，履 士會之足於朝，秦伯師于河西，魏人在東 ，壽餘曰，請東人之能與夫二三有司言者 ，吾與之，先使士會，士會辭曰，晉人虎 狼也，若背其言，臣死，妻子為戮，無益 於君，不可悔也，秦伯曰，若背其言，所 不歸爾帑者，有如河，乃行，繞朝贈之以 策，曰子無謂秦無人，吾謀適不用也，既 濟，魏人譟而還，秦人歸其帑，其處者為 劉氏。

In the thirteenth year, in spring, the Prince of Jin sent Zhan Jia to dwell in Xia in order to defend the strategic border post of Taolin. The Jin leaders were worried that Qin would employ Fan Hui. In summer, the six ministers met with one another at Zhufu. Zhao Dun said, “With Fan Hui residing in Qin, and Hu Yigu residing among the Di, difficult days are close at hand! What are we to do?” Xun Linfu said, “I request that we bring back Hu Yigu. He is capable in external affairs, and he also comes from a family of long-standing merit.” Xi Que said, “Hu Yigu fomented unrest, and his offense was great. He is not the equal of Fan Hui. Fan Hui is able to humble himself and has a sense of shame. He is conciliatory and not aggressive. His wisdom makes him worthy to serve, and he also is not guilty of any offense.” So, in order to entice Fan Hui to Jin, they had Weì Shouyu feign that he was using Weì as a base for rebellion. They arrested Shouyu’s wife and children in Jin and had him slip away during the night. Shouyu requested to turn himself and his land over to Qin, and the Liege of Qin agreed to this. Shouyu stepped on Fan Hui’s foot in court as a signal. The Liege of Qin deployed troops to the west bank of the Yellow River and the men of Weì were on the east bank. Shouyu said, “I request an easterner who is able to speak with their several officials, and I will go on ahead with him.” They were about to send Fan Hui, but Fan Hui refused, saying, “The Jin leaders are wolves and tigers. If they go against their word, I will die and my wife and children will be executed here in Qin. This will be of no benefit to you, my lord, and it will be too late for regrets.” The Liege of Qin said, “If they go against their word, and I do not return your wife and children, may the Yellow River bear witness against me!” So Fan Hui departed. Rao Zhao gave him a whip as a present and said, “You should not say that Qin has no men! It is just that my plans have not been used.” After they crossed the Yellow River, the men of Weì made a clamor and then turned back. The Qin

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leaders returned Fan Hui’s family. Those who stayed behind in Qin became the Liu line. (1: 531; 533)

Summary: The episode of “Shiyu” begins by explaining how Duke Xian of Jin 晉獻公 wanted to employ a capable man Suihui 隨會, who was serving the Qin at the time. He requested Zhouyu of Wei 魏州餘 to make Suihui come with him to the Jin state. Xiaochao 曉朝, a high official of Jin, warned that their coming to Jin would jeopardize the state, but this warning was ignored. Suihui and Zhouyu devised a plot against Xiaochao and made a high official of Qin kill him.

The Zuozhuan version provides a much more detailed background about why Suihui was wanted, why Zhouyu, named Shouyu 壽餘 in the Zuozhuan narrative, was requested, and more importantly Suihui was indeed loyal to the Qin but had to go to Jin for the Qin. However, in this Zuozhuan episode, Xiaochao, named Raochao 繞朝 here, was not described as having been killed by the plot of Suihui and Zhouyu.

The episode, which is the fifth section of the “Shiyu” and in the 13th _{year of Duke Wen in the}

Zuozhuan, exemplifies that the same story is narrated with a different focus for different messages. The basic story that the “Shiyu” narrates is as follows: the Duke Xian of Jin wanted to employ Suihui and commanded Zhouyu to bring him to Jin, and so Zhouyu devised a plot to take Suihui back to Jin. In Zhou’s execution of the plot, a high official of Qin named Xiaochao noticed the Zhouyu’s plan and reported it to his Lord, but he did not listen, and they both successfully escaped from Qin and returned to Jin. After returning, Suihui plotted to slander Xiaochao who already knew Suihui and Zhouyu tricked the Lord of Qin to escape from Qin. Suihui spread the rumor that Xiaochao would leave for Jin. The high officials of the Qin believed the rumor, and so the Lord of Qin killed Xiaochao. As a commentator whose name is no longer identifiable says, the main message in this “Shiyu” episode focuses on the character of Xiaochao, who knew what would happen but could not prevent it and eventually got killed by his own lord.

Interestingly, in the narrative of the Zuozhuan’s episode, which also does not correspond an entry in the Chunqiu record, the character Raochao is marginalized, appearing only at the end of the story. In the Zuozhuan, we do not even know that Raochao faced a tragic ending and got killed by his Lord. The Zuozhuan’s focus is the cleverness of Shouyu (Zhouyu in the “Shiyu”) and Shehui (Suihui in the “Shiyu”) in their plotting escape for Jin. The Zuozhuan gives detailed information about how cleverly Shouyu had schemed to fool the lord of Qin, and also how such a scheme worked, information that is completely missing in the “Shiyu.” The Zuozhuan writer makes the character of Shehui more lively and solid to emphasize the clever plot for them to return to Jin. In the “Shiyu,” the character of Suihui is not fleshed out. The only moment that the readers notice his cleverness is when he plots to remove Xiaochao after his return to Jin. However, even in his case, the readers remain uninformed of what he concretely did for the plot. He does not come forward and speak nor take any action. The nature of his character is, to the end, veiled. On the contrary, in the Zuozhuan, we hear his voice clearly when he deceptively persuades the Lord of Qin. In his speech, Shehui claims Jin as vicious like a tiger and wolf, so readers face the cleverness of the plot by Shehui and Shouyu to trick the Qin Lord and return to Jin. The character of Shehui who was mostly veiled in the “Shiyu” episode becomes more concrete and visible.

In focusing on the characters of Shouyu and Shehui rather than that of Raochao in the Zuozhuan, considerable new information is added to the story. This suggests that the Zuozhuan was probably referring to another source in narrating the story. The source[s] explains why Duke

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Xian of Jin wanted Shehui, describes the plot by Shouyu, and how Shehui’s own family, which remained in Qin after Shehui’s return were able to get safely back to Jin.

In terms of message, the “Shiyu” thematizes the issue of the misunderstood and murdered loyal subject while the Zuozhuan emphasizes the cleverness of Jin. This shows that the same story was re-written to emphasize different messages. Some of the Zuozhuan episodes were created in a process of re-focusing and thereby re-writing the existing story.

What made the Zuozhuan re-write an existing story? The next case can at least partially answer that question.