Artroplastia total de cadera

The work package for the foundation walls includes the concrete for the walls, forms, the vertical and horizontal rebar in walls, and anchor bolts. The dowels are included in the footing package. The concrete is treated as a volumetric good. The forms are estimated by the square foot. The verti- cal rebar is treated as a counted item; the horizontal rebar is treated as a linear good. The same principles used for han- dling corners of continuous footings apply to foundation walls. Foundation walls may be thought of as narrow, tall, continuous footings. The quantity takeoff for a foundation wall is shown in the following example.

EXAMPLE 5-6

Determine the volume of concrete in cubic yards, the square feet of forms, the rebar, and the anchor bolts needed to complete the

foundation wall in Figures 5-5 and 5-6. Include 5% waste in the calculated volume of concrete, and express the volume of concrete in quarter-yard increments. Provide 2 inches of cover for the rebar in the wall and lap the continuous rebar 18 inches. The continuous rebar will be ordered in 20-foot lengths.

Solution: The length of the wall is calculated in the same manner as the lengths of the footings were calculated in Example 5-4. The lengths of the walls are shown in Figure 5-15.

The total length of the wall is calculated as follows:

The volume of the concrete is determined as follows:

Add the waste using Eq. (4-22) as follows:

Rounding up to quarter-yard increments, we get 23 cubic yards. The length of the individual forms can be determined using the same procedures that were used to determine the length of the footing forms. The lengths of the individual forms are shown in Figure 5-16.

Volumewith Waste⫽ (21.79 yd3)a1 ⫹

5 100b ⫽ 22.88 yd 3 ⫽ 21.79 yd3 ⫽ (110.33 ft)(8 ft) (8 in) (˛˛12 in/ft) a1 yd3ˇ 27 ft3b Volume⫽ (Length)(Width)(Thickness) ⫽ 110!ft 4 in ⫽ 24 ft ⫹ 20 ft 8 in ⫹ 24 ft ⫹ 20 ft 8 in ⫹ 9 ft 8 in ⫹ 11 ft 4 in Length

The following formula needs to be entered into Cell B8:

=(B1+B2/12)*(B3+B4/12)*(B5+B6/12)/ 27*(1+B7/100)

The data for the footings is entered in Cells B1 through B7. The data shown in the foregoing figure is from Example 5-4 and is formatted using the comma style, which replaces zeros with dashes.

FIGURE 5-15 Lengths of the Foundation Walls

FIGURE 5-16 Lengths of the Foundation Forms

The lineal feet of forms is the sum of the individual lengths and is calculated as follows:

⫽ 219 ft 4 in

⫹ 10 ft 8 in ⫹ 9 ft 8 in ⫹ 10 ft 8 in ⫹ 9 ft 8 in ⫹ 11 ft 4 in ⫹ 10 ft 4 in ⫹ 22 ft 8 in ⫹ 20 ft 8 in Length⫽ 24 ft ⫹ 22 ft ⫹ 24 ft ⫹ 22 ft ⫹ 11 ft 4 in ⫹ 10 ft 4 in

Alternatively, they may be measured using a plan measurer, digi- tizer, or software takeoff package. The area of the forms is calcu- lated as follows:

⫽ 1,755 ft2

EXCEL QUICK TIP 5-5 Foundation Wall

The volume of concrete needed for a foundation wall is set up by changing the Cell A5 of the worksheet in Excel Quick Tip 5-4 to Height as follows:

The data for the foundation wall is entered in Cells B1 through B7. The data shown in the foregoing figure is from Example 5-6 and is formatted using the comma style, which replaces zeros with dashes.

A B C 1 Length 110 ft 2 4 in 3 Width - ft 4 8 in 5 Height 8 ft 6 - in 7 Concrete Waste 5 % 8 Volume 22.88 cyd

The number of continuous bar needed, for one bar every 12 inches is calculated using Eq. (4-1) as follows:

Because the top and bottom bars are doubled, two additional bars need to be added to the number of bars needed, for one bar every 12 inches. The number of continuous bars is 11 (9 ea⫹ 2 ea). The av- erage length of the continuous bars is 110.33 feet for a total length of 1,214 feet. As was done for the footings, eleven 36-inch L-shaped bars need to be added at each intersection for an additional 66 feet of rebar (2 intersections⫻ 11 bars>intersection ⫻ 3 ft>bar). The L-shaped bars are used to connect the rebar in the exterior walls to the rebar in the interior walls. The total length of continuous rebar is 1,280 feet. The number of 20 foot bars is calculated using Eq. (4-6) as follows:

The vertical bars run from the bottom of the wall to 2 inches below the top of the wall, for a length of 7 feet 10 inches. The number of vertical bars is calculated using the following equation:

The 6 in this equation is to account for the end condition for all of the six walls. The number of anchor bolts is calculated as follows:

䊏 ⫽ 48 each Number⫽Distance Spacing ⫹ 6 ⫽ (110.33 ft) (12 in/ft) (32 in) ⫹ 6 Number⫽Distance Spacing ⫹ 6 ⫽ 110.33 ft 1 ft ⫹ 6 ⫽ 117 each Number⫽ 1,280 ft (20 ft⫺ 1.5 ft)⫽ 70 each Number⫽8 ft 1 ft⫹ 1 ⫽ 9 each

The key differences are that forms need to be included for the bottom of the beam and the forms will need to be sup- ported until the concrete has cured. The takeoff for a con- crete beam is shown in the following example.

EXAMPLE 5-7

Determine the volume of concrete in cubic yards, the square feet of forms, and rebar needed to complete the beam in Figure 5-17. Only half of the beam is shown in Figure 5-17, with the other half being a mirror image of the one shown. Include 5% waste in the calculated volume of concrete, and express the volume of concrete in quarter-yard increments. Provide 2 inches of cover for the rebar in the beam.

Solution: The volume of the concrete is calculated as follows:

Add the waste using Eq. (4-22) as follows:

Rounding up to quarter-yard increments, we get 1 cubic yard. Forms are needed on the bottom of the beam between the end columns. The area of the forms is calculated as follows:

The #5 dowels should have been ordered with the column. Two #5 bars 5 feet 1 inch long are needed for each end of the beam, for a total of four. Three #5 bars 8 feet 4 inches (4 ft 2 in⫻ 2) are needed for the center of the beam. Six stirrups are needed for each end, for a total of 12. The stirrups will need to be 4 inches less than the dimensions for the beam in order to provide 2 inches of cover. The dimensions for the stirrups are 14 inches high by

8 inches wide. 䊏