Hay que asegurar el involucramiento de las personas y organizaciones

7.1 Introduction ... 173 7.2 Physical survey for the traditional courtyard house in Al-Kadhimiya 173 7.3 Description of the traditional courtyard house in Al-Kadhimiya... 175 7.3.1 House categories... 175 7.3.2 Different nighbourhoods... 179 7.4 The existing condition for the traditional courtyard house in

Al- Kadhimiya…………... 207 7.5 Summary... 210

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7 Physical survey and visual observation

7.1 Introduction

This chapter aims to present the findings from the physical survey of the T.C.H.T in the Al-Kadhimiya historical area to clarify the current condition of this house type.

Thus, the chapter is organized into three main sections. The first section refers to the T.C.H.T being selected for the case study. Section two describes the existing condition of this type of house, and the chapter closes with the emerged knowledge from the physical survey.

7.2 Physical survey for the traditional courtyard house in the Al-Kadhimiya The physical survey with photos was used for twelve T.C.H.T which were selected in the Al-Kadhimiya historical area, and two occupants per house were selected.

These houses were located in five neighbourhoods named Akked-Al-Kanjalle, Akked Al-Sada, Al-Bahea, Um Al-Noomy and Al-Anbareen. To understand how the T.C.H.T were selected for the physical survey; and who this number was determined see section 5.4.

The case studies were numbered according to type (PH, CH1, 2012), (PH, CH2, 2012) and so on. Table 7.1 clarifies the number of T.C.H.T related to the occupant interviewees in different neighbourhoods.

Table 7.1: Relationship between the numbers of T.C.H.T with occupant interviewees in five neighbourhoods, (Author).

Neighbourhoods Physical survey Occupants interview

Number of house Code of house Number of interview Code of interview

1 Akked Al- Kanjalle 4 PH,CH 8 1 and 2

PH,CH2 3 and 4

PH,CH3 5 and 6

PH,CH4 7 and 8

2 Akked Al-Sada 3

3

PH,CH5 6 9 and10

PH,CH6 11and 12

PH,CH7 13and 14

3 Al-Bahea 1 PH,CH8 2 15 and 16

4 Um Al-Noomy 3 PH,CH9 6 17 and 18

PH,CH10 19 and 20

PH,CH11 21 and 22

5 Al-Anbareen 1 PH,CH12 2 23 and 24

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The physical survey was helped to determine the following items:

 The number of courtyards, levels in the house, and number and function of the rooms

 The orientation of the house, courtyard and spaces

 The location of different activities

 The type of services, including electricity, lighting fixtures, cooling and heating equipment, water supply, drainage and sewage systems and possible e communication.

The visual observation by photograph covered the following:

 Some domestic activities which take place inside the houses

 The basic, visual qualities of things related to the built environment, such as treatment.

Visual observation to record people’s activities and a photo with a physical survey were used to explore the meaning of the space and the environmental effects on built forms. This was done by measuring and sketching, and then drawing T.C.H.T using Auto-Cad. I spent a minimum five hours in each house to compete the physical survey and interview two persons.

The literature review presented different size of T.C.H.T in section 3.2.2; however, the current research focused on the first and second examples and excluded those T.C.H.T which had three and four courtyards because:

 The occupants of these houses refused to conduct the interview and permit the physical survey of the house

 It was very difficult to find this type of house on the ground. The availability of architectural drawings as well as background information was one criterion for the selection of a particular scheme for the purpose of this research. We found just one house with four courtyards according to the available documentation from the Municipality of Baghdad, and the Directory of Archaeology and Heritage

 In terms of size issues, many of these houses that had three or four courtyards were very large and many of them were divided and each house had its own courtyard. Therefore, it was very difficult to know if this house was divided from the original house

For these reasons, the T.C.H.T with three and four courtyards were not included in this research as all the investigated houses except for these had fewer than three

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courtyards. Accordingly, the next section will describe the existing condition of the T.C.H.T in the Al-Kadhimiya historical area.

7.3 Description of the traditional courtyard house type in the Al-Kadhimiya This section highlights what the data revealed in the physical survey. In order to obtain the maximum information of T.C.H.T in the Al-Kadhimiya historical area to draw a picture for this house type. A description of the existing condition of the twelve T.C.H.T will be presented according to:

7.3.1 House categories

Table 7.2 shows an introduction and comparison of these houses according to the house categories of having one or two courtyards (see section 3.2.xx), and the size of the house which was large, being more than 150m², medium 100-150m², small 40-100m² for the T.C.H.T that includes one courtyard as well as the level of each house.

However, the T.C.H.T those includes two courtyards were usually big (see section 3.2.2).

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Table 7.2: Comparative between T.C.H.T as a case study, (Author) Continued…

1 Levels include the roof

House PH,CH1 and PH,CH4 PH,CH9 PH,CH10

Plan

Direction of house South west South South west

Number of house holder 2 for each part 2 5

The courtyard number 2 (one of each part) 2 2

The number of levels¹ 6 level for the biggest courtyard

5level for the smaller courtyard 4 levels 6 levels

The number of rooms 8 for the smaller part with sardab and neem 5for the smaller part with sardab

For the larger part, 16 with the neem

4 for the small part 21 rooms with the neem

Function of room No specific spaces for specific activities No specific spaces for specific activities No specific spaces for specific activities Services room number Kitchen, toilet and bath for each part Kitchen, toilet and bath for each part 2 kitchens, 2 toilets and 2 baths

Changing level some external walls. All floors and walls was covered

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Table 7.2: Comparative between T.C.H.T as a case study, (Author). Continued…

House code PH,CH5 PH,CH6 PH,CH8 PH,CH12

Function of room No specific spaces for specific activities

Services room number Kitchen, toilet and bath Kitchen, toilet and bath Kitchen, toilet and bath Kitchen and toilets without bath Changing level Transformed the function of