ASPECTOS AMBIENTALES

now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once thrived. Compared to its western cousins, the Timber rattlesnake may be especially vulnerable because of certain behaviors adapted for coping with the cold climate in which it lives.

Rattlesnakes are generally found in warm climates because, like all reptiles, they cannot generate or regulate their own body temperature internally, and must rely on the sun's warmth for heat. But Timber rattlesnakes migrated into colder northern areas about 8000 years ago when glaciers retreated. In order to survive in these northern regions, these snakes developed a number of adaptive strategies, but ultimately, these behaviors make them more vulnerable to human predation, their main threat.

One survival strategy the snakes have developed is hibernation. For approximately eight months of the year, the rattlers remain motionless in deep frost- free crevices, with their body temperature dropping as low as 40 degrees. In the spring when they emerge, they must warm their chilled bodies by sunning for three or four days on rocks in the open. This behavior, coupled w ith the fact that Timber rattlesnakes tend to concentrate in large numbers at their wintering sites, makes them easy prey. Gestating females are particularly vulnerable because they spend much of their time basking in the sun in order to produce live young from eggs. In addition, females have very long interbirth intervals, producing live young only every three to five years. If a frost or cold spell comes late in the year, the entire litter of 6 to 12

uung may die.

Efforts are underway to protect the Timber rattlesnake and its habitat from further human depredation, but in many states it is already too late.

76. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Why Timber rattlesnakes hibernate.

B. How Timber rattlesnakes are surviving.

c. How Timber rattlesnakes adapted to northern climates. D. Why Timber rattlesnakes are endangered.

132

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77 Which of the following is true about Timber rattlesnake migration? A. They migrated to eastern states.

B. They migrated northward during a warming period, c. They migrated to escape a cold climate.

D. They migrated to the south to seek a warmer climate.

78 The word “crevices" in paragraph .3 could be replaced by which of the following?

A. Tombs B. Rocks c. Cracks D. Tunnels

79 What is the author's tone in this passage?

A. Accusative B. Nostalgic c. Informative D. Humorous

■~80 Which of the following could best replace the phrase "coupled w ith” paragraph 3?

A. Compared with B. Combined with

c Controlled with D. Supported with

VIII. Complete each of the sentences with one of the phrasal verbs given below (make any necessary changes).

- turn down - run down - bear out - give aw jy

-le t down - rule out - put off - cross out

'-take part -p u t forward -lookup -p u t on

81 I'm depending on you to pay me back the money on Monday. Please flon’t ... m e ...

82 If you think I’m wrong, check in the encyclopedia . I’m sure it w ill... m e ... ®’83 They're very two-faced. They are very nice to her when she’s there, but they

...h er...behind her back.

3 84 I’d like t o ... a proposal. I suggest we start production in May.

85 When I was in New York, I was able t o ... several old friends I hadn’t seen for I years.

86. They often... in school panel discussions. ’•* 87 They eat like a horse but they never...weight.

■**88 The author refused t o ... any secrets about the ending of his book. ^89. The radio is a bit loud. Can you ...i t ... a bit, please.

90 If you make a mistake, ju s t...i t ...

; „IX. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.

•91. The new plans for the school have been approved by the authorities.

; The new plans for the school have m e t... 92. My impression of her is that she is a very effective teacher.

I t ... ... „93. The dress was so tempting that I bought it.

I couldn’t resist th e ... ^94. We discussed the business at length, but came to no decision.

fr We h a d ... ... .

Ids. You may be disqualified if you don’t obey the regulations.

I ' Failure... ... ... |K. Use the word given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a K new sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the | L original sentence. Do NOT change the form of the given word.

k £6 If you work without a break, you are more likely to make an error. (PRONE)

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97. They were very keen to hear the president’s speech. (EARS)

98 The final score in the match between Liverpool and Everton on Saturday was two all. (DREW) 99. The mistake in the accounts had not been noticed until the figures were re-checked.

(LIGHT) 100. When Mary was pregnant, all she wanted to eat was jelly. (CRAVING)

ENGLISH TEST 26

I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.

1. A. devastate B. develop c. associate D. detergent 2. A. according B. bewildered c. interesting 0. acquaintance 3. A. imitate B. volunteer c. influence D. celebrate 4. A. university B. nationality c. examination D. auditorium 5. A. millennium B. congratulate c . promotional D. drastically

II. Read the passage and choose a word from the list to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Then choose the best answer to each question below.

cheating appears become caught knows

blames values alike action fact

assumption filled colleges instances rather

fear interviews pressure predecessors nothing

Cheating is (6)...new. But today, educators and administrators are finding that (7)...of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent - and are less likely to be punished - than in the past. Cheating (8)...to have gained acceptance among good and poor students (9)...

Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really (10)... : Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral (11)...among today's youth, others have attributed increased cheating to the (12)... that today's youth are far more pragmatic than their more idealistic (13)...Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies, students were (14)...with visions about changing the world, today's students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In (15)...with students at high schools and (16)...around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had (17)... easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect, others looked at it- as a game. Only if they were (18 )... some said, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,” said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. There's an underlying (19 )...If you don’t do well, your life is going to be ruined. The (20)... is not only from parents and friends but from yourself. To achieve. To succeed. It's almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals.

Edward Wynne, editor of a magazine (21)...the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take (22)...Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in (23)... on the way students are evaluated. "I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated,” Mr. Huber said. He feels that as

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long as teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize (24)...than by how well they can synthesize information,, students will try to beat the system. “The concept of cheating is based on the false (25)...that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individual who’s doing it," he said. “That's too easy an answer. We've got to start looking at the system.”

26. Educators are finding that students who cheat______, A. are more likely to be punished than before

B. have poor academic records

- c. can be academically weak or strong D. use the information in later years

27. According to the passage which of the following statements is true? A. The problem of student cheating has its roots in deeper problems. B. Students do not cheat on essay tests.

c. A change in the educational system will eliminate the need to cheat. D. Punishment is an effective method of stopping cheating.

28. Which of the following statements reflects information in the selection? A. The 1960s vision of changing the world led students to conform.

B. The educational system and its administrators are partly to blame fofr the rise in cheating.

c. Punishment for cheaters has always been severe in this country.

D. The students who cheats must be at fault because the system is correct. 29. Which of the following points of view would the author probably agree with?

A. The educational system is sound, and students must follow every rule. • B. Parents alone must take responsibility for the rise in student cheating. ' c. The educational system in this country would benefit from a thorough evaluation.

D. Students who cheat should be expelled from school.

30. What does the phrase “the individual" in the passage refer to? A. Parents who put pressure on the children.

B. Teachers who are too hesitant to take actions against cheating c. School administrators who approve of short-answer tests. D. Students who practice cheating.

III. Choose the correct answer to complete each of the following sentences.