B-learning desde el punto de vista tecnológico

Unlikely as it may seem, the genesis of this project began with a reporting assignment on a sickle cell anemia patient. The path from that original story idea to the final one in these pages has indeed been circuitous. Research for the story of Carl McLaurin led me to interview his physician Dr. Laura DeCastro, who spoke about the liabilities and responsibilities she faced as a physician who regularly prescribed addictive medication. McLaurin and DeCastro’s circumstances piqued my curiosity and

encouraged me to dig more deeply into the policy issues related to prescription drugs, a topic I would previously have never dreamed I would tackle for my thesis.

Writing about a multi-faceted policy issue has been quite an undertaking. As a consumer of news, I appreciate when reporters confront and explain complex issues. I’ve tried to do that here, and I encourage other journalism students not to be intimidated by difficult topics. This project has been both challenging and rewarding; it has also been a considerable learning experience.

One lesson I have learned from this project is that the beginning of a story is just that, a beginning. From the bloom of an idea, a story can branch off into many directions worth following. Taking a risk and pursuing those leads might result in a story that hasn’t yet been told; I think readers appreciate when journalists take those kinds of risks.

Another lesson I learned is the importance of terminology in writing about drug addiction. Reporters have enormous power with the words we wield and too often, we

overlook their connotative meanings. We strive to be precise, but changing one word in a sentence can radically alter its meaning for a reader. I let many of the expert sources cited in these stories guide the language I used. For example, McLaurin’s addiction counselor, Rob Kinnan, referred to McLaurin’s first slip-up with marijuana as a “lapse,” rather than a “relapse.” The difference is critical in the field of addiction studies and recovery. Lapse suggests a temporary return to use, whereas replapse suggests a return to a previous lifestyle. One word connotes a setback, the other, a failure. I urge any reporter embarking on a complex topic, especially a scientific or medical one, to be mindful of the specifics of the language he or she uses to communicate with the reader.

These related yet distinct articles demonstrate the range of foci available within prescription drugs and policy, and the reporting opportunities available to an ambitious journalist. Such stories include the disparity in the severity of prescription drug abuse among states, the continued absence of a prescription monitoring program in some states, and the lack of a uniform dosing regimen for opioid medication prescribed for pain, just to name a few. I hope that, as the fight against prescription drug abuse continues, stories about prescription drug abuse continue to increase and deepen.

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Newspaper Articles

Avery, Sarah (2004, February 12). More doctors disciplined. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), p. B4.

Avery, Sarah (2002, February 17). Doctor defends his pain-control creed. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), p. A1.

Clabby, Catherine (1996, October 20). Doctors reassess narcotics; State backs opiates to fight chronic pain. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), p. A1.

Collins, Kristin (2005, April 3). Patient blames medical board; 2 doctors with drug problems missed her cancer for months. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), p. A1. Kaufman, Marc (2004, October 21). DEA withdraws its support of guidelines on

painkillers. The Washington Post, p. A03.

Kaufman, M., & Writer, W. P. S. (2006, April 23). Pitching relief; A physician with firsthand knowledge about pain advocates opium-based drugs despite fears of abuse.

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Kinzie, Susan (2001, September 20). Painkiller backlash feared. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), p. E1.

Locke, Mandy (2004, October 8). Doctor gives up license; town loses its only doctor. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), p. B1.

Locke, Mandy (2006a, March 12). Doctors must write prescriptions with skepticism. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), p. A16.

Locke, Mandy (2006b, March 12). Methadone deaths stun teens’ parents. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), p. A16.

Locke, Mandy (2006c, March 12). Methadone ranks no. 1 in N.C. drug overdose deaths. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), p. A1.

Markon, Jerry (2006, October 12). Doctor will remain in prison until retrial. The Washington Post, p. B10.

Markon, Jerry (2007, April 28). Pain doctor is guilty of drug trafficking. The Washington Post, p. B05.

Shamp, Jim (2002, September 28). Random drug testing advised for physicians; Doctor: Abuse at same level over 3 decades. The Herald-Sun (Durham, NC), p. B3.

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Gilson, Aaron M. & Joranson, David E. (2007). Is the DEA’s new “prescription series” regulation balanced? Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, Pain & Policies Study Group. Available at http://www.painpolicy.wisc.edu/DEA/Rx_Series_Adoption.pdf. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2005). Prescription drugs: Abuse and addiction. Research Report Series, p. 1-12.

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http://www.fda.gov/CDER/drug/advisory/methadone.htm. Legislation and Executive Materials

Clarification of Existing Requirements Under the Controlled Substances Act for Prescribing Schedule II Controlled Substances, 70 Fed. Reg. 50,408 (Aug. 26, 2005) Controlled Substances Act of 1970 § 13, 21 U.S.C. § 812 (2002)

Dispensing of Controlled Substances for the Treatment of Pain, 69 Fed. Reg. 67,170, 67,171 (Nov. 16, 2004)

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Other Sources Correspondence

Good, Patricia. Letter to Howard A. Heit, M.D. 31 January 2003. Available at http://www.painpolicy.wisc.edu/domestic/DEA_Rx.pdf.

Joranson, David E. Letter to Deputy Administrator, DEA Headquarters. 11 March 2005. Available at http://www.painpolicy.wisc.edu/DEA/DEA_261_response.pdf

Joranson, David E. Letter to Michelle Leonhart, Deputy Administrator. 24 November 2004. Available at http://www.painpolicy.wisc.edu/DEA/IPSresponse.pdf.

Joranson, David E., Portenoy, Russell K., & Passik, Steve D. Letter to Karen Tandy. 26 October 2004. Available at

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Bowman, James. N.C. State Bureau of Investigation agent. Interview by telephone on February 29, 2008.

Brushwood, David B. Opioid policy researcher, Pain and Policies Study Group. Interview by telephone on March 12, 2008.

Campbell, Jay. N.C. Board of Pharmacy director. Interview in person on February 13, 2008.

Childers, Steve. Pharmacologist, Wake Forest University. Interview by telephone on November 2, 2007.

DeBari, Vickie. N.C. State Bureau of Investigation agent. Interview by email on March 14, 2008.

DeCastro, Laura. Sickle cell anemia specialist, Duke University. Interview by telephone on November 27, 2007.

Dogra, Sunil. Anesthesiologist, UNC Hospitals. Interview in person on February 12, 2008.

Dykstra, Linda. Methadone researcher, UNC-Chapel Hill. Interview in person on February 5, 2008.

Gilson, Aaron. Pain policy researcher, Pain and Policies Study Group. Interview by telephone on March 10, 2008.

Goli, Veeraindar. Chronic pain specialist, Duke University. Interview in person on February 27, 2008.

Joranson, David E. Pain policy researcher, Pain and Policies Study Group. Interview by telephone on March 4, 2008.

Kinnan, Rob. Addiction counselor, Duke University. Interview in person November 2007.

McLaurin, Carl. Interviews in person and by telephone from September to December 2007.

McLaurin, Steve. Brother of Carl McLaurin. Interview by telephone on October 15, 2007.

McLaurin, Vanessa Ann. Mother of Carl McLaurin. Interview by telephone on October 15, 2007.

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Passik, Steve. Chronic pain psychologist, Memorial Sloan-Kettering. Interview by telephone on March 14, 2008.

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Womble, John. Program consultant for controlled substances reporting system, NC Department of Health and Human Services. Interview by telephone on February 21, 2008.

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