Barra antiempotramiento

Facility: Means a water treatment plant, wastewater treatment plant, distribution system or collection system.

Faucet with an Aerator: When collecting a water sample from a distribution system, a faucet with an aerator should not be used as a sample location.

Fecal Coliform: A group of bacteria that may indicate the presence of human or animal fecal matter in water.

Filtration: A series of processes that physically removes particles from water. A water treatment step used to remove turbidity, dissolved organics, odor, taste and color.

Filter Clogging: Inability to meet demand may occur when filters are clogging.

Filtration Methods: Conventional type of water treatment filtration method includes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Direct filtration method is similar to conventional except that the sedimentation step is omitted. Slow sand filtration process does not require pretreatment, has a flow of 0.1 gallons per minute per square foot of filter surface area, and is simple to operate and maintain.

Diatomaceous earth method uses a thin layer of fine siliceous material on a porous plate. This type of filtration medium is only used for water with low turbidity. Sedimentation, adsorption, and biological action are filtration processes that involve a number of interrelated removal mechanisms. Demineralization is primarily used to remove total dissolved solids from industrial wastewater, municipal water, and seawater.

Finished Water: Treated drinking water that meets state and federal drinking water regulations.

Flocculation: The process of bringing together destabilized or coagulated particles to form larger masses that can be settled and/or filtered out of the water being treated.

Floc Shearing: Is likely to happen to large floc particles when they reach the flocculation process.

Flocculation Basin: A compartmentalized basin with a reduction of speed in each compartment will give the best results.

Flood Rim: The point of an object where the water would run over the edge of something and begin to cause a flood.

Flow must be Measured: A recorder that measures flow most likely to be located in a central location.

Fluoride Feeding System: When reviewing fluoride feeding system designs and specifications, determines whether locations for monitoring readouts and dosage controls are convenient to the operation center and easy to read and correct.

Fluoride: High levels of fluoride may stain the teeth of humans. This is called Mottling. This chemical must not be overfed due to a possible exposure to a high concentration of the chemical. The most important safety considerations to know about fluoride chemicals is that all fluoride chemicals are extremely corrosive. These are the substances is most commonly used to furnish fluoride ions to water:

Sodium fluoride, Sodium silicofluoride and Hydrofluosilicic acid.

Flux: The term flux describes the rate of water flow through a semipermeable membrane. The water flux decreases through a semipermeable membrane means that the mineral concentration of the water is increasing.

Formation of Tubercles: This condition is of the most concern regarding corrosive water effects on a water system.

Free Chlorine Residual gives the best Disinfection: Is the reason for chlorinating past the breakpoint is to provide protection in case of backflow.

Free Chlorine Residual: Regardless of whether pre-chlorination is practiced or not, a free chlorine residual of at least 10 mg/L should be maintained in the clear well or distribution reservoir immediately downstream from the point of post chlorination.

Free Chlorine: In disinfection, chlorine is used in the form of free chlorine or as hypochlorite ion.

Frequency must a Remote Operator inspect a Grade 1 or grade 2 Water Treatment Plant: Monthly or as necessary a remote operator inspect a grade 1 or grade 2 water treatment plant or distribution system that produces and distributes groundwater.

Full Chlorine Cylinder: A rupture may happen if a full chlorine cylinder is increased by 50 degrees F. (30 degrees C.)

Gate Valve: Is the most common type of valve used in isolating a small or medium sized section of a distribution system and is the only linear valve used in water distribution. All the other valves are in the rotary classification.

Giardia Lamblia: A pathogenic parasite, which may be found in, contaminated water.

Giardiasis, Hepatitis, or Typhoid: Are diseases that may be transmitted through the contamination of a water supply but not AIDS.

GIS - Graphic Information System: Detailed information about the physical locations of structures such as pipes, valves, and manholes within geographic areas with the use of satellites.

Globe Valve: The main difference between a globe valve and a gate valve is that a globe valve is designed as a controlling device.

Good Contact Time and Low Turbidity: These are factors that are important in providing good disinfection using chlorine.

Grab Sample: Is a type of sample that should be collected to analyze for coliform bacteria, pH and Temperature. A snap shot of a certain location and time.

H2SO4: Is the molecular formula of Sulfuric acid.

Hard Water: Hard water causes a buildup of scale in household hot water heaters.

Hazards of Polymers: Slippery and difficult to clean-up are the most common hazards associated with the use of polymers in a water treatment plant.

Head: The measure of the pressure of water expressed in feet of height of water. 1 psi = 2.31 feet of water. There are various types of heads of water depending upon what is being measured. Static (water at rest) and Residual (water at flow conditions).

Headworks: The facility at the "head" of the water source where water is first treated and routed into the distribution system.

Health Advisory: An EPA document that provides guidance and information on contaminants that can affect human health and that may occur in drinking water, but which EPA does not currently regulate in drinking water.

Heat Damage to Air Compressor: An air compressor generates heat during the compression cycle. And is the most common type of damage caused by heat generated during operation.

Hertz: Is the term is used to describe the frequency of cycles in an alternating current (AC) circuit.

Heterotrophic Plate Count Bacteria: A broad group of bacteria including non-pathogens, pathogens, and opportunistic pathogens; they may be an indicator of poor general biological quality of drinking water.

Often referred to as HPC.

HF: Is the molecular formula of Hydrofluoric acid.

High Turbidity Causing an Increased Chlorine Demand: May occur or be caused by the inadequate disinfection of water.

Hydrochloric and Hypochlorous Acids: Are the compounds are formed in water when chlorine gas is introduced.

Hydrochloric and Sulfuric Acid: A few corrosive substances that may be found in a laboratory.

Hydrogen Sulfide or Chlorine: These chemicals can cause olfactory fatigue.

Hydrophobic: Does not mix readily with water.

Hypochlorite and Organic Material: Heat and a possible fire may happen when hypochlorite is brought into contact with an organic material.

Hypochlorous and Hydrochloric Acids: Chlorine combines with water to form hypochlorous and hydrochloric acids.

Impeller: A rotating set of vanes designed to impart rotation to a mass fluid.

Impervious: Not allowing, or allowing only with great difficulty, the movement of water.

Infectious Pathogens/Microbes/Germs: Disease-producing bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.

Initial monitoring year: An initial monitoring year is the calendar year designated by the Department within a compliance period in which a public water system conducts initial monitoring at a point of entry.

Inorganic Contaminants: Mineral-based compounds such as metals, nitrates, and asbestos. These contaminants are naturally-occurring in some water, but can also get into water through farming, chemical manufacturing, and other human activities. EPA has set legal limits on 15 inorganic contaminants.

Insoluble Compounds: Are types of compounds cannot be dissolved. When iron or manganese reacts with dissolved oxygen (DO) insoluble compound are formed.

Intake Facilities: One of the more important considerations in the construction of intake facilities is the ease of operation and maintenance over the expected lifetime of the facility. Every intake structure must be constructed with consideration for operator safety and for cathodic protection.

IOC Waiver, what is the longest term of reduced monitoring that it could receive? 9 years.

Ion Exchange is an Effective Treatment Process Used to Remove: Ion exchange is an effective treatment process used to remove iron and manganese in a water supply.

Ion Exchange Softener: The hardness of the source water affects the amount of water an ion exchange softener may treat before the bed requires regeneration.

Iron and Manganese: In water can be usually detected by observing the color of the inside walls of filters and the filter media. If the raw water is pre-chlorinated, there will be black stains on the walls below the water level and a black coating over the top portion of the sand filter bed. When significant levels of dissolved oxygen are present, iron and manganese exist in an oxidized state and normally precipitate into the reservoir bottom sediments. The presence of iron and manganese in water promote the growth of Iron bacteria. Only when a water sample has been acidified then you can perform the analysis beyond the 48 hour holding time. Iron and Manganese in water may be detected by observing the color of the of the filter media. Maintaining a free chlorine residual and regular flushing of water mains may control the growth of iron bacteria in a water distribution system.

Iron Bacteria: Perhaps the most troublesome consequence of iron and manganese in the water is they promote the growth of a group of microorganism known as Iron Bacteria.

Iron Fouling: You should look for when checking an ion exchange unit for iron fouling an orange color on the resin and backwash water.

Iron: The elements iron and manganese are undesirable in water because they cause stains and promote the growth of iron bacteria.

Kill=C x T: Where other factors are constant, the disinfecting action may be represented by: Kill=C x t.

Kinetic Energy: The ability of an object to do work by virtue of its motion. The energy terms that are used to describe the operation of a pump are pressure and head.

Langelier Index: Is a measurement of Corrosivity. The water is becoming corrosive in the distribution system causing rusty water if the Langelier index indicates that the pH has decreased from the equilibrium point. Mathematically derived factor obtained from the values of calcium hardness, total alkalinity, and pH at a given temperature. A Langelier index of zero indicates perfect water balance (i.e., neither corroding nor scaling).

Leaching: A chemical reaction between water and metals that allows for removal of soluble materials.

Lead and Copper: Initial tap water monitoring for lead and copper must be conducted during 2 consecutive 6-month periods.

Lime Soda Softening: In a lime soda softening process, to the pH of the water is raised to 11.0. In a lime softening process, excess lime is frequently added to remove Calcium and Magnesium Bicarbonate. The minimum hardness which can be achieved by the lime-soda ash process is 30 to 40 mg/L as calcium carbonate. The hardness due to noncarbonate hardness is most likely to determine the choice between lime softening and ion exchange to remove hardness.

Lime: Is a chemical that may be added to water to reduce the corrosivity. When an operator adds lime to water, Calcium and magnesium become less soluble.

Lines: Lines in the distribution system should be flushed on a regular basis. The flushing should be done at night and the water pressure in the distribution system must be at least 25 psi.

LOTO: In a good lock-out/tag out program, if a piece of equipment is locked out, the key to the lock-out device the key should be held by the person who is working on the equipment.

Magnesium Hardness: Measure of the magnesium salts dissolved in water - not a factor in water balance.

Magnetic Starter: Is a type of motor starter should be used in an integrated circuit to control flow automatically.

Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant at which there would be no risk to human health. This goal is not always economically or technologically feasible, and the goal is not legally enforceable.

Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs): The maximum allowable level of a contaminant that federal or state regulations allow in a public water system. If the MCL is exceeded, the water system must treat the water so that it meets the MCL.

MCL for Turbidity: Turbidity is undesirable because it causes health hazards. An MCL for turbidity was established by the EPA because turbidity does not allow for proper disinfection.

MCL: The MCL for TTHM is 0.1 mg/L.

Measure Corrosion Damage: A coupon is placed to measure corrosion damage in the distribution system in a water main.

Mechanical Seal: A mechanical device used to control leakage from the stuffing box of a pump. Usually made of two flat surfaces, one of which rotates on the shaft. The two flat surfaces are of such tolerances as to prevent the passage of water between them. Held in place with spring pressure.

Medium Water System: More than 3,300 persons and 50,000 or fewer persons.

Megger: Is used to test the insulation resistance on a motor.

M-Endo Broth: The media shall be brought to the boiling point when preparing M-Endo broth to be used