Estado de Bienestar y su influencia en las transformaciones de los sistemas sanitarios.

The external popularity of a topic/theme was defined as the numbers of the page edits

and the numbers of the page views of its associated entries. To reveal the changes of the

selected topics more in-depth, two hypotheses were proposed in Chapter 3 and this section

presents the results of the hypothesis testing. The two hypotheses proposed in Chapter 3 are:

H01: There were no significant differences among the investigated time periods in terms of the number of page views of the entries relevant to each of the topics.

H02: There were no significant differences among the investigated time periods in terms of the number of page edits of the entries relevant to each of the topics.

According to H01 and H02, the independent variable of the test was time period and the

dependent variable was the number of the page views/edits of an entry relevant to a specific

topic. Since three topics were selected in this study, six sub-hypotheses were generated:

H01a: There were no significant differences among the investigated time periods in terms of the number of page views of the entries relevant to Child Maltreatment.

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H01b: There were no significant differences among the investigated time periods in terms of the number of page views of the entries relevant to Family Planning.

H01c: There were no significant differences among the investigated time periods in terms of the number of page views of the entries relevant to Women’s Health.

H02a: There were no significant differences among the investigated time periods in terms of the number of page edits of the entries relevant to Child Maltreatment.

H02b: There were no significant differences among the investigated time periods in terms of the number of page edits of the entries relevant to Family Planning.

H02c: There were no significant differences among the investigated time periods in terms of the number of page edits of the entries relevant to Women’s Health.

As it was mentioned in the Methodology chapter, the Friedman’s Test was applied to

test for the differences among the periods. Table 35 presents the results from H01a to H01c

and H02a to H02c.

Hypotheses Chi-square Value P-value

H01a χ2(3) = 110.660 0.000 H01b χ2(3) = 78.865 0.000 H01c χ2(3) = 73.384 0.000 H02a χ2(3) = 23.052 0.000 H02b χ2(3) = 26.672 0.000 H02c χ2(3) = 0.383 0.944

Table 35. Hypothesis Testing Results of H01 and H02

The results show that H01a, H01b, H01c, H02a, and H02b were rejected, while H02c was

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terms of the number of the page views of the entries relevant to each topic; (2) there were

significant differences among the four periods in terms of the number of the page edits of the entries relevant to Child Maltreatment/Family Planning; (3) there were no significant

differences among the four periods in terms of the number of the page edits of the entries relevant to Women’s Health.

The Sign Test was used to explore the difference among every two periods. The

comparisons intended to reveal the differences from one period to next in order to show the

temporal changes of external popularities. Hence, only the adjacent periods were compared.

Since the result of H02c was not significant, no follow-up test was conducted for this

hypothesis. The results of the follow-up tests for H01a, H01b, H01c, H02a, and H02b were

presented in Table 36. In this table, P1, P2, P3, and P4 stand for Period 1, Period 2, Period 3,

and Period 4, respectively.

Topics Measures Values P1 VS. P2 P2 VS. P3 P3 VS. P4

Child Maltreatment

No. of Edits Z-value -2.487 -3.076 -1.016

P-value 0.013 0.002 0.310

No. of Views Z-value -7.951 -4.843 -7.988

P-value 0.000 0.000 0.000

Family Planning

No. of Edits Z-value -1.814 -3.344 0.000

P-value 0.070 0.001 1.000

No. of Views Z-value -6.929 -1.025 -7.640

P-value 0.000 0.305 0.000

Women's Health No. of Views Z-value -7.363 -1.331 -6.134

P-value 0.000 0.183 0.000

Table 36. Pairwise Comparison Results of H01 and H02

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According to Table 35, the number of the page edits of the entries in the Women’s

Health topic had no significant change during the investigated periods. To the contrary, the other two topics had significant changes in terms of the number of edits.

The results in Table 36 reveal that for Child Maltreatment, there were significant

differences among Periods 1 and 2 (p-value = 0.013 < 0.05), and Periods 2 and 3 (p-value =

0.002 < 0.05) in terms of the associated entries’ number of the page edits. However, there was

no significant difference among Periods 3 and 4 in terms of the number of the page edits (p-

value = 0.310 > 0.05). When examining the detailed results, there were 81 (much less than half)

positive signs obtained from the comparison among Periods 1 and 2. In other words, there

were 81 entries’ numbers of the page edits of Period 2 less than Period 1. Therefore, the overall

number of the page edits of Period 2 was less than that of Period 1. After examining the

positive and negative signs obtained from the comparison among Periods 2 and 3, the results

demonstrate that the number of the page edits of Period 3 was less than Period 2 (84 positive

signs VS. 130 negative signs). These findings show that the number of the page edits of the

entries in the Child Maltreatment topic dropped a lot from Periods 1 to 3, but had no significant

change after Period 3.

For the Family Planning topic, there were no significant differences among Periods 1

and 2, or Periods 3 and 4 in terms of the associated entries’ number of the page edits.

However, there was a significant difference among Periods 2 and 3. The examination of the

comparison between Periods 2 and 3 presents that the number of the page edits of Period 3

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page edits of the entries in the Family Planning topic did not change a lot from Periods 1 to 2 or

from Periods 3 to 4, but decreased from Periods 2 to 3.

4.3.3.2. Changes of Page Views

The results in Table 36 reveal that for Child Maltreatment, there were significant

differences among Periods 1 and 2, Periods 2 and 3, and Periods 3 and 4 in terms of the number

of the page views. Examining the positive and negative signs obtained from the comparisons

illustrates that the number of the page views of Period 2 was larger than Period 1 (158 positive

signs VS. 44 negative signs), the number of the page views of Period 2 was less than Period 3

(74 positive signs VS. 147 negative signs), and the number of the page views of Period 4 was

less than that of Period 3 (58 positive signs VS. 183 negative signs). These findings show that

the number of the page views of the entries associated to Child Maltreatment increased

significantly from Periods 1 to 2, while decreased significantly from Periods 2 to 4.

Regarding the Family Planning topic, the results reveal that there were significant

differences among Periods 1 and 2, and Periods 3 and 4. However, there were no significant

differences among Periods 2 and 3. The results of the positive and negative signs obtained from

the comparisons reveal that the number of the page views of Period 2 was larger than Period 1

(105 positive signs VS. 25 negative signs), and the number of the page views of Period 4 was

less then Period 3 (26 positive signs VS. 119 negative signs). These results show that the

number of the views of the associated entries in Family Planning increased significantly from

Periods 1 to 2, kept stable from Periods 2 to 3, and then decreased significantly from Periods 3

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Similar to Family Planning, the results for Women’s Health show that there were

significant differences among Periods 1 and 2, and Periods 3 and 4, but no significant difference

was found among Periods 2 and 3 in terms of the number of the page views. When

investigating the detailed results obtained from the pairwise comparisons, it shows that the

number of the page views of Period 2 was larger than Period 1 (129 positive signs VS. 34

negative signs) and the number of the page views of Period 4 was smaller than Period 3 (53

positive signs VS. 139 negative signs). Therefore, the number of the page views of the

associated entries in Women’s Health grew from Periods 1 to 2, remained stable from Periods 2

to 3, and dropped from Periods 3 to 4.