This section examines the various lamp types that are in use in the Otaki shops. Some of the lamps were not observed to be turned „on‟ during the audit but have been included in the overall total as a part of the „potential‟ or installed load.
The lamp types and total count of the lamps found in the 23 stores are shown in the first two columns of Figure 37. Appendix A provides images and brief descriptions of each lamp type and for the luminaires.
The typical wattage calculated for each is given in the third column. This includes not only the nominal lamp wattage but also the wattage for any control gear or ballast that is required to operate the lamp. These values were developed from manufacturers catalogues such as OSRAM (OSRAM, 2010) and Philips (Philips, 2010), and from markings on the lamps themselves
Lamp Type Total Number
Figure 37: Type, Number and Total Wattage Installed per Lamp
60
The last column in Figure 37 is the calculated load for each lamp type over all 23 stores.
In total the 23 stores have 1,389 lamps, with a calculated total installed electrical load of 85.5kW. The most significant lamp type is the linear fluorescent lamp which accounts for 57.5% of the calculated load and is installed in 22 (96%) of the surveyed stores. The next style of lamp that is used extensively on the strip is the MR-16 Halogen Dichroic which differs in style to the fluorescent lamps as it supplies light as a concentrated spot and not as a diffuse pattern.
There are two types of technology that permit the MR-16 halogen dichroic lamp to be exchanged for a more energy efficient lamp. Because of this, for the reminder of the study the „standard‟ MR-16 halogen dichroic will be termed as the MR-16 lamp.
As discussed in Section 2.9 the store categories can be further subdivided into the style of store, whether they are a boutique, an outlet or a middle store. Figure 38 lists these subcategories for the different Fashion stores showing the various lamp types and the lighting component for which they have been used are discussed in Section 2.8.
Where there are no lamps used for the listed purpose, a „-„ is shown.
Figure 38 above shows that the fluorescent lamp is preferred for ambient lighting.
As discussed in Section 2.9, the boutique store would be expected to use a variety of light sources to create contrast and intrigue. In two examples in Figure 38, the stores have chosen the MR-16 lamps to provide ambient light. The MR-16 is more suited to
Outlet Stores Ambient Perimeter Spot
1 Fluorescent PAR PAR
2 Fluorescent Metal halide Metal halide
3 Fluorescent - -
Figure 38: Lamp Styles by Store Type and Lighting Component
61 spotlighting as it supplies a narrow beam of light 10 to 50 degrees wide, so to achieve an acceptable ambient level, there must be a significant level of overlap of the lamp beams which increases the installed load and energy use.
The lamp and purposes for the remaining (non-fashion) stores are given in Figure 39.
In the Other- boutique category, LFL‟s have been used as the general ambient light source with either metal halide or MR-16s providing both the perimeter lighting and spotlighting.
Not all of the lamps are used specifically for the display of retail stock to be sold. Lamps are also used to illuminate offices, stock/utility rooms and any staff areas. Figure 40 shows the distribution of the lighting load for the surveyed stores, based on the percentage of load for each type from the overall installed lighting load.
The term „Retail‟ in Figure 40 applies to any lamps that illuminate stock for retail sale.
Although many of the stores surveyed used the utility room as their office space, some stores had specific areas set aside for use as an Office. The Utility area covers the part of the store that may contain the kitchen, storage, staff areas and amenities. The „Other‟
category covers the exterior lighting, signage, workshop areas and warehousing.
Figure 40 shows that in these retail stores, most of the installed lighting load is located in the retail area for the purpose of lighting the stock.
Store Category Ambient Perimeter Spot
Car Sales - PAR PAR
Food - Boutique MR-16 - -
Other - Boutique Fluorescent Metal halide MR-16
Other - Boutique Fluorescent MR-16 MR-16
Other - Boutique Fluorescent MR-16 MR-16
Service - Real Estate- Fluorescent - -
Service - Real Estate- Fluorescent - -
Service - Real Estate- Fluorescent - -
Figure 39: Remaining Stores, Lamp Styles by Store Type and Lighting Components
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Figure 41 is the lamp count and installed load in Watts for the areas designated for the purposes of selling stock („retail areas‟). It should be noted that some lamp types are not preferred for retail lighting, including incandescent lamps and lamps such as the sodium (due to poor colour rendition) and 400 Watt metal halide flood lamps that are used almost exclusively in exterior settings.
Figure 40: Lamp Distribution within the Surveyed 23 Stores
Lamp Type Store
Incandescent - 40W Fashion Accessories 1 14 560
Metal Halide - Highbay Fashion 1 12 5760
Retail Area Totals 1,003 56,512
Overall Total All Areas 1,389 85,545
Figure 41: Lamps used in the Retail area Retail
63 Figure 41 shows that the installed lighting load for only the retail areas is 56 kW or 66%
of the overall total calculated load, while 72% of the installed lamps are in retail areas.
While the 1200mm Linear Fluorescent Lamp (LFL) is the most common by count, this type of lamp is only installed in nine (out of the 23) shops for the purposes of lighting the retail area. Other lamps used in several store types include the longer LFL at 1500mm and the MR-16.
The LFL is the significant lamp in terms of load, representing 57% of the total calculated load. The count and installed wattage of all of the 1200mm and 1500mm fluorescent lamps given in Figure 37 is shown below in Figure 42.
Although the 1200 mm fluorescent luminaire is only 63% of the electric load of a 1500 mm luminaire, the shorter tube is used more than twice as often as the longer tube. As a result, 1200 mm luminaires represent 28 kW of installed load compared to 21 kW of 1500 mm fittings.
Figure 41 shows that the use of 1500 mm LFL is spread across all store types, while the 1200 mm LFL is almost entirely used by the fashion category.