Calidad de Vida

This chapter discussed prototypes for practical prosthetic interface systems using the two major areas of focus in state-of-the-art neural recording: single-cell spike- based sensing and cellular ensemble field potential sensing. The choice of sensing paradigm is strongly dependent on the intended application. When the highest fi- delity mapping of cortical function is required, the system designer will most likely

tend towards the resolution offered by ‘spike’ based systems; neuroprosthesis re- quiring fine motor control is an example of such a system. Measurement of gross circuit activity to detect information such as general awareness, intention to move, and seizures does not require spike based signal resolution, and processing architec- tures that shift to more classical spectral analysis techniques provide definite power savings and advantages for chronic sensing. Each approach has its trade-offs, and the appropriate choice is made by the sensing requirements of the intended use.

Although the detailed constraints of each application are quite different, the de- sign techniques employed are similar. Both applications focus on efficiently ex- tracting neuronal biomarkers using analog preprocessing prior to digitization and algorithms and/or telemetry. Using the strategy of analog preprocessing prior to digitization, overall system power is greatly reduced with minimal trade-offs in al- gorithm performance. To select the appropriate method of analog pre-processing, the circuits are tailored for the specific features of the signal that define the relevant ‘biomarker.’ As the field of neural engineering continues to develop, IC designers will benefit by carefully studying the nature of bioelectrical signals of interest and architecting circuits as part of the overall biophysical neural network.

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High Sensitivity Impedance Measurements