3. DEL CONCEPTO A LA PRÁCTICA: EL CASO DE KOSOVO
3.1. CANADÁ EN KOSOVO: EL PRINCIPIO DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD DE PROTEGER
The key elements of the regulatory environment for the electronics industry are as follows: Requirements in the electronics sector
concern environmental and health-related problems associated with growing volumes of post-consumer waste from electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). These issues have resulted in significant environmental policy initiatives. Globalized supply chain management is important in the adjustments to new environmental requirements. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) also need to conform to requirements set by global supply chains, or risk being phased out as input providers.
For exporting countries like Indonesia, it is
more effective and cost-efficient to combine adjustment to external requirements for exported EEE with adjustment to domestic needs for sound national collection and management of EEE waste, a process that extends further than mere recycling.
For GSP status, the material used in the manufacturing process cannot exceed 30 percent of the ex-works price of the product for the non-originating materials under the rules of origin.
For Indonesian exporters shipping electronics products to the EU markets, the following are the specific market access requirements:71
Tariffs: For electronics, the ad valorem tariff average of 2.8, ranges from 0 to 14 percent; the average GSP tariff rate ranges from 0 to 7 percent and averages 1.7 percent.
Specific requirements cover (a) essential requirements; (b) conformity assessment; (c) CE marking; (d) market surveillance; (e) marketing requirements; and (f) rules of origin.
Box 7.3: EU Market Access for Electronics
Tariffs: MFN GSP Average 2.8 1.7 Maximum 14.0 7.0 Minimum 0.0 0.0 Product-Specific Requirements: • Essential requirements. • Conformity assessment. • CE marking. • Market surveillance • Marketing requirements • Rules of origin
Sources: Tariffs provided by European Commission, Trade Directorate; requirements from EC Helpdesk.
69. The following information draws on material available at the European Commission’s Helpdesk for developing countries. Available: http://exporthelp.europa.eu.
70. For a useful list of frequently asked questions (FAQs) about exporting food products to the EU market, see European Commission “Guidance Document: Key questions related to import requirements and the new rules on food hygiene and official food controls“. Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/food/international/trade/interpretation_imports.pdf 71. The following information draws on material available at the European Commission’s Helpdesk for developing countries. Available:
7.2.4 Furniture Industry
For Indonesian exporters shipping furniture products to the EU markets, the following are the specific
market access requirements:72
Tariffs: For furniture, an average MFN tariff of 2.3 percent applies to third countries, and an average preferential tariff rate of 0.2 percent applies to Indonesia.
EU Eco-Label for Wooden Furniture: The Community Eco-label or “Flower logo” is the official mark in the European Union for products with the lowest environmental impact in a product range. Its aim is to promote products that contribute significantly to environmental improvements. Participation on the scheme is voluntary. This means that products can be sold within the EU market without the Flower logo.
General Product Safety: Products on the European Union market for consumers, must
comply with the provisions laid down by Directive 2001/95/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council (CELEX 32001L0095) designed to protect consumer health and safety.73 The General
Product Safety Directive (GPSD) establishes common provisions on (i) general safety requirement; (ii) additional manufacturer and distributor obligations; and (iii) market surveillance.
GSP status: The value of all the materials from non-originating countries should not exceed 40 percent of the ex-works price of the furniture product under the rules of origin.
7.2.5 Cosmetic Industry
The key elements of the regulatory environment for the cosmetics industry are as follows:
Health and marketing conditions for cosmetic products: Cosmetic products are subject to composition, packaging, labeling, and information requirements in order to be placed on the EU market. These requirements are enforced by establishing liability on the manufacturer or importer for products.
Marketing requirements for dangerous chemicals, pesticides and biocides: The placing on the European Union market of certain chemical products must comply with the marketing requirements laid down by the EU legislation designed to ensure a high level of protection of human health and the environment. The provisions applicable to these products are as follows: (i) General Procedures for the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH); (ii) specific provisions on the classification, packaging and labeling of Dangerous Substances and Preparations; and (iii) specific conditions for Plant Protection Products and Biocidal Products.
Box 7.5: EU Market Access for Cosmetic
Tariffs: MFN GSP
Average 2.5 0.0
Maximum 6.5 0.0
Minimum 0.0 0.0
Product-Specific Requirements:
• Health and marketing conditions for cosmetic products.
• Marketing requirements for dangerous chemicals, pesticides and biocides. • Prohibition of products containing fluorinated greenhouse gases.
• Rules of origin.
Sources: Tariffs provided by European Commission, Trade Directorate; requirements from EC Helpdesk.
Box 7.4: EU Market Access for Furniture
Tariffs: MFN GSP
Average 2.3 0.2
Maximum 5.7 2.2
Minimum 0.0 0.0
Product-Specific Requirements: • EU Eco-Label for wooden furniture • General product safety • Rules of origin.
Sources: Tariffs provided by European Commission, Trade Directorate; requirements from EC Helpdesk.
72. The following information draws on material available at the European Commission’s Helpdesk for developing countries. Available: http://exporthelp.europa.eu.
73. For details, see the European Commission, “European Union legislation on general product safety”. Available: http://exporthelp. europa.eu/update/requirements/ehir_eu10_99v001/eu/auxi/eu_safeprod_leg.pdf
Rules of Origin Applicable to GSP Status: Materials of the same product classification group as the cosmetic product can be used, provided that the total value does not exceed 20 percent of the ex-works price of the product for non-originating materials. For manufactured cosmetics, the value of all the materials from non-originating countries should not exceed 40 percent of the ex-works price of the product.
For Indonesian exporters shipping cosmetics products to the EU markets, the following are the specific market access requirements:74
Tariffs: For cosmetics, an average MFN rate of 2.5, and an average preferential tariff rate of 0.2 percent applies to Indonesia.
Specific requirements on technical standards applicable to cosmetic products cover (a) health and marketing conditions for cosmetic products; (b) marketing requirements for dangerous chemicals, pesticides and biocides (when intended to be used in plant protection products and/or biocides); (c) prohibition of products containing fluorinated greenhouse gases (when used with aerosols for entertainment and decorative purposes containing hydrofluorocarbons); and (d) rules of origin.
74. The following information draws on material available at the European Commission’s Helpdesk for developing countries. Available: http://exporthelp.europa.eu.