MALAWI
282 Chipeta, George
South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science: (2009), vol. 75, no. 1, p. 46-57 : fig., tab.
ASC Subject Headings
Information literacy (IL) is a set of abilities that enable individuals to recognize when information is needed and to subsequently locate, evaluate, and utilize the required
information. It enables people to interpret and make informed judgements as users of information sources, and also to become producers of information in their own right and thereby more active participants in society. Information literacy is the basis of lifelong learning. It is common across all disciplines, all learning environments, and all levels of education. The present study, which was conducted among academic and library staff and students at the University of Zululand (Unizul) and the Durban University of Technology (DUT) in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Mzuzu University (Mzuni) in Malawi, reports on the offering and teaching of IL in these institutions of higher learning. The findings reveal that IL is offered and taught as a module at Unizul and as a course at Mzuni by their respective Departments of Library and Information Science, though not across all faculties. At DUT, IL is only offered and taught by the library during the Library Orientation programme, campus wide. Problems encountered in the teaching and learning of IL include inadequate time, lack of computer skills, inadequate venues and equipment for teaching and students' practicals, and lack of cooperation. The study recommends that IL should be incorporated in the university curricula of all three institutions, and that the DUT should introduce a dedicated module or course in information literacy and embed it in the students' course materials. The three universities should also advertise to academic staff, students and decisionmakers the importance of having modules or courses in IL. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]
283 Mezmur, Benyam D.
- In: The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa: (2008), vol. 41, no. 3, p. 383-403.
ASC Subject Headings:
The adoption of a Malawian child by American singer Madonna has attracted a significant amount of media and public attention. It has been described as 'controversial', 'emotional', and 'painful'. Madonna herself said that the process had been 'as painful as giving birth'. It was the first time that Malawi allowed an inter-country adoption without the residency requirement having been fully met. This article comments on the decision of the High Court of Malawi handed down on 28 May 2008 in the matter of the Adoption of Children Act (CAP 26:01) and in the matter of David Banda (a male infant), or 'the Madonna judgment'. This is discussed in the context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The article examines a range of issues such as the status of inter-country adoption in international law, the principle of the best interests of the child, the role of culture, the right to privacy, and the child's participation. It concludes that the implications of the case are far-reaching and predominantly positive. Notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]
284 Peters, Pauline E.
Journal of Eastern African Studies: (2010), vol. 4, no. 1, p. 179-199.
ASC Subject Headings
Renewed efforts in recent years to reform land tenure policy in Sub-Saharan African countries have - in some cases - included provisions aimed at improving women's land rights. The premise of such provisions is that women's land rights under customary tenure are fragile, threatened, and/or in the process of being undermined. The matrilineal- matrilocal areas in Southern Malawi described here present a counter case. Only daughters are the heirs of their matrilineage's land, while sons use their wives' land or, in special circumstances, have temporary use of fields belonging to their female matrikin. This pattern has prevailed in the face of a long and continuing history of prejudice against matriliny. Now, a new land policy, not yet passed into law, includes an explicit aim to protect and improve land rights for women. Yet the means selected by the policy - land inheritance by both sons and daughters and extension of greater authority to traditional leaders in the administration of land - will be likely, if implemented, to have opposite effects in matrilineal- matrilocal areas. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
285 Tambulasi, Richard I.C.
African Security Review: (2009), vol. 18, no. 4, p. 19-31.
ASC Subject Headings
This article argues that there is a direct linkage between corruption and organized crime. By using the case of a Malawi fertilizer subsidy programme the article shows that corruption not only gives rise to organized criminal groups, but also works as a lubricant for the effective operation and survival of organized criminal groups. The fertilizer subsidy programme implemented by Malawi in the 2005-2009 growing seasons has generally been heralded as a success as a result of the resultant abundant yields. Donor organizations that were initially not in support of the programme as it was in conflict with their neoliberal policy ideals subsequently began funding it. However, the programme was rocked by corruption which has given rise to organized criminal groups who have hijacked the whole process and either smuggled the subsidized fertilizer to other countries or took it for their personal use. The problem has been exacerbated by the international dimensions of the crime and the fact that traditional leaders, politicians and government officials have been key players in the process, thereby intensifying the corruption/organized crime nexus. This in turn has
had a negative effect on the poor who were supposed to be the primary beneficiaries of the programme. Ref., sum. (p. VI) [Journal abstract]
MOZAMBIQUE
286 Feliciano, Jose Fialho
Fialho Feliciano, Guilherme Fonseca-Statter (coord.). - Lisbao : Centro de Estudos Africanos, cop. 2008. - II, 306 p. : fig., tab. ; 22 cm - Met bibliogr., noten.
ISBN 9789898079046
ASC Subject Headings
Esta colectânea de estudos, elaborados por uma equipa de investigadores do Centro de Estudos Africanos do ISCTE (Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisboa), investigou diversas facetas do mundo empresarial em Angola e Moçambique. A estrutura do livro procura identificar e discutir questões significativas de empreendedorismo e empresariado africano a partir de contextos diferenciados. Os primeiros cinco capítulos situam-se numa análise mais alargada; os restantes seis capítulos referem-se ao estudo de alguns casos específicos: Vinte anos de empresariado em Moçambique (1983-2004) (José Fialho Feliciano); Do empreendedorismo ao empresariado: da revolução industrial à África Sub-Sahariana pós-colonial (Guilherme Fonseca-Statter); Quadros formados nas empresas em África: conflitos de construção identitária (Ana Gomes); Dinâmicas de mudança social em famílias moçambicanas (Ana Bénard da Costa); A visibilidade do empresário em Portugal e Moçambique: análise comparada no meio estudantil (Manuel Forjaz); Gestão recriada em Moçambique: o caso da Prapesca na Beira (Ana Gomes); Empresariados angolanos no pós-guerra: modelos herdados, exigências do capitalismo e estratégias dos trabalhadores (Cristina Udelsmann Rodrigues); Looking at the informal economy: a case study concerning Luanda's minibus taxi industry (Carlos M. Lopes); Les 'kupapata' dans le système de transports en commun routiers au Huambo (Carlos M. Lopes); Empreendedorismo no feminino: os percursos de negociantes informais de Maputo (Sónia Frias Piepoli); Empreendedorismo social no sector do turismo sustendado: desafios de uma actividade africana (Ricardo Zózimo). [Resumo ASC Leiden]
287 Groes-Green, Christian
Nordic Journal of African Studies: (2009), vol. 18, no. 4, p. 286-304.
The article explores theoretical implications of sexual and violent practices among disenfranchised young men in Mozambique. Findings from research carried out in Maputo in 2007, 2008 and 2010 indicate that massive unemployment caused by neoliberal reforms has led to a growing number of young men basing their authority vis-à-vis women on bodily power, understood as the abilities and physique of the male body, rather than on economic power and social status. While young men from the city's growing middle class enact hegemonic masculinities in relationships with female partners by means of financial power and adherence to a "breadwinner's" ideology, young men who are poor react to a situation of unemployment and poverty by enacting masculinities that are subordinate vis-à-vis middle-class peers, but which find expression through violence or sexual performance vis- à-vis female partners. The article is based on fieldwork consisting of a survey involving 500 young men and women, 8 focus group discussions with 90 informants between 16 and 23 years of age and in-depth interviews. Of the 90 informants, 21 were middle-class youth from the urban city centre and 69 were youth from working class backgrounds in impoverished suburban areas. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
288 Israel, Paolo
Cahiers d'études africaines: (2010), vol. 50, cah. 197, p. 181- 216 : foto's.
ASC Subject Headings
This article presents a historical reconstruction of the formation of Makonde "revolutionary singing" as a genre of memorialisation of the liberation struggle in Mozambique, tracking the "descent" of formulas and slogans produced by the revolutionary elites and which were made a part of popular orality. Wartime genres that were later forgotten or seen as belonging to bygone times refer to moments when the "space of experience" and the "horizon of expectation" of the struggle were still filled with uncertainty and the sense of possibility. Progressively, these singing expressions were reorganized around socialism's nodes of meaning; while ideological tropes, elaborated by Frelimo's "courtly" composers, were appropriated in popular singing. Characteristics such as unofficiality, heteroglossia, metaphor, and poetic license that appear in genres that have been marked out as "popular" in academic discourse, are by no means intrinsically "popular". On the contrary, they might well be the first victims of populist modes of political actions, that is, of a politics grounded in a concept of "people". Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]
289 Santos, Ana Margarida
Santos - In: Cahiers d'études africaines: (2010), vol. 50, cah. 197, p. 217-234.
ASC Subject Heading
The Mozambican liberation struggle (1964-1974), fought mostly in the province of Cabo Delgado, in northern Mozambique, became a part of the official history of Mozambique and of the memory and imagination of the country. It has been 33 years since independence, and large numbers of the population are now too young to remember how the war was fought. Consequently, re-creating the memory of the struggle has become an important part of the remembering, re-telling and passing on of national and local history to the younger generation. The representation of the past is appropriated by the ruling party of the State, which has excluded/silenced the alternative perspectives and experiences of all those who, while living in the province, did not take part in the struggle or fought against the Portuguese. This study is based on fieldwork conducted in Mozambique between 2005 and 2006, drawing in particular on participant observation of the celebrations of Women's Day on 7 April 2006, and interviews with former fighters (both male and female) of the liberation struggle, The article shows the importance of memory and of public celebrations in the maintenance and re-shaping of past events. The case of the Women's Day Celebrations highlights the symbolic representation of life in the bush in theatrical performance, and how the memory and work of Josina Machel, one of the most influential women during the liberation struggle and wife of Samora Machel, the future first Mozambican president, is presented in official rhetorics. The article also discusses identity references and ideas about gender equality, and in particular how those ideas impact on popular and political discourse, while they actually diverge from the real facts of local history. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract, edited]
ZAMBIA
290 Band, Landilani
Zambia Law Journal: (2009), vol. 40, p. 139-174.
ASC Subject Headings
Euthanasia, which involves terminating the life of a terminally ill patient, poses a serious moral and ethical challenge both to the doctor and the law. The present article analyses the concept of euthanasia and reviews the jurisdictions that have passed legislation on the matter. Despite the importance of the issue, Zambia has not made any legislation or policy directives in this domain. Interviews conducted with experts revealed that there is a need for legislation, a need made more urgent with the advent of HIV/AIDS. Situations of involuntary euthanasia arise as a result of lack of sufficient medical facilities. However,
because of the delicacy of the subject, no one in Zambia is open to the practice. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
291 Matibini, Patrick
Zambia Law Journal: (2009), vol. 40, p. 85-110.
ASC Subject Headings
An injunction is an order of the court either compelling a party to take steps or restraining a party from taking specified steps. An injunction, whether mandatory or prohibitory, whether final or interim, can be granted to remedy an injury already suffered or to prevent an injury occurring. Typically injunctions are sought in actions between private individuals or entities. However, there are occasions when injunctions may be sought against public bodies or indeed the State. Although at the outset the State is immune from injunctions, the immunity is not absolute. The author considers the principles and guidelines on which injunctions are granted, and the grant or refusal to grant the remedy of injunction in the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms in the case of Zambia. A number of cases are discussed, notably Zambia National Holdings Limited and United National Independence Party v. Attorney General and Attorney General v. Law Association of Zambia. While the power of the High Court under Article 28(1) of the Constitution is wide enough to warrant issuance of the remedy of an injunction, there is need for Zambia's next Constitution to provide for expressly the issuance of both interlocutory and final injunctions, in the context of the Bill of Rights, in order to avoid doubt and to ensure that effective remedies are available to secure and protect fundamental rights and freedoms. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
292 Mwenda, Kenneth K.
Zambia Law Journal: (2009), vol. 40, p. 1-66.
ASC Subject Headings
This article examines the legal and policy bases for doing away with the statutory requirement for companies, such as banks and financial institutions, incorporated under the Zambian Companies Act 1994, to have a memorandum of association. A notable consequence of permitting the incorporation of companies without a memorandum of association is that an investor could be misled to think that the Zambian Companies Act 1994 has done away with the statutory requirement for companies to have some form of objects clause. While the "ultra vires" doctrine continues to apply in Zambia, its significance has been watered down by the introduction of Forms I, II, III and IV in the Companies (Prescribed Forms) Regulations to replace the statutory requirement in the Companies Act 1994 for an objects clause in the memorandum of association. These legislative changes
were meant not only to simplify the incorporation of companies but also to abolish the "ultra vires" doctrine in Zambia's company law. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]
ZIMBABWE
293 Chikozho, Claudious
African Studies Quarterly: (2008/09), vol. 10, no. 2/3, p. 27-44 : krt.
ASC Subject Headin
The introduction of water sector reforms in Zimbabwe was premised on the assumption that all stakeholders would be afforded a chance to fully contribute to the reform process. Neutral dialogue platforms were also expected to be put in place in order to afford various stakeholder groups the necessary space to engage with other stakeholders and have their voices heard. The Mazowe catchment was selected as a pilot project area in which integrated water resources management approaches and principles would be introduced and tested. Among other things, the approach emphasizes improved governance of the water sector through increased stakeholder participation and decentralization of water management responsibilities from central government to catchment-based organizational structures. Relying on evidence from the Mazowe catchment and detailed research carried out in the Nyadire and Nyagui sub-catchments, this paper analyses the stakeholder participation processes initiated and dialogue platforms created to enhance stakeholder interaction. Results of the study show that the participatory strategies and processes implemented have been generally unsatisfactory and the dialogue platforms were weakened by failure of water user boards to function and effectively engage people at the grassroots level. Bibliogr., ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
294 Grebe, Jan
Africa Spectrum: (2010), vol. 45, no. 1, p. 3-29.
ASC Subject Headings
Targeted sanctions, defined as the selective use of sanction measures with the intention to minimize unintended negative humanitarian impact by specifically targeting single persons, have been extensively used by States throughout history to achieve political objectives. This article examines the European Union's and United States' targeted sanctions against the Zimbabwean regime, which have been in place since 2002. The central thesis of the article is that the sanctions are not effective and thus have failed to achieve the political
objectives of both the European Union and the United States. Numerous violations of the travel ban and the financial restrictions have undermined the general effectiveness of the sanctions. A detailed analysis of each individual measure empirically supports the argument that the ineffectiveness of the sanctions has negatively influenced the achievement of the political objectives. In addition, by taking a closer look at Risa Brooks' theory on the relationship between the type of sanction and the type of regime it is used against, and discussing it in regards to the sanctions against Zimbabwe, attention is drawn to the question of how to target authoritarian regimes. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and German. [Journal abstract]
295 Hart, Carolyn
Journal of African Cultural Studies: (2009), vol. 21, no. 2, p. 177-195.
ASC Subject Headings
English language texts of Africa and its diaspora that are 'transgressive' in the sense that they deviate from realist, linear narratives, may be linked under the categories of modern, postmodern, or postcolonial literatures. Postcolonial critics generally consider such writing to respond to colonization and Western literatures, which the texts subvert by 'writing back'. This article suggests that artistic principles present in indigenous African oral arts including music and in particular drumming, as well as oral storytelling, provided a resource-base for the aesthetics of the texts of Amos Tutuola (Nigeria) and Yvonne Vera (Zimbabwe), the first of which were published in 1952 and 1992, respectively. These aesthetics include fusion between the physical and metaphysical worlds, a preponderance of images, use of repetition and sound and rhythm of words, nonlinear narrative, and nonclosure. The article examines the conditions that gave rise to the production of Tutuola's texts and their reception, particularly among European publishers and critics. It explores the resource- base for the aesthetics of his 'The Palm-Wine Drinkard' (1952) and argues for the presence of aesthetics based in oral arts and cross-cultural exchange within Yoruba culture. Discussion of the production and critical reception of his texts shows that Tutuola wrote texts that were considered innovative within the European and American contexts, without appropriating modern and postmodern techniques. The article similarly explores the