Características Conductuales

acc:,dcntal raccal re ^l eases Babies and toddlers ,Yho are ^llOl toilet trained $hould as much as posJible, wear leak-proof swimwear (that will contain any urine or faecal �lease) and •

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ideally. they should have access only to small pools that can be compl ^e tely drained if an accidental faecal release occurs. SbO\vcnng should also be encouraged because it helps to

r ^e move traces of bather pollution such as swc:at., urin ^e and faecal matter (\VHO, 2006)

Rccreational wat ^e r illnesses arc spread by swimming in \vater contaminated as a rcsuh of poorly mainuiined or inadequate chlorination or recreational water ven u es, the p ^resence of chlori ⁿ e resistant germs, runoff- related contamination of takes or marine beaches and people (espccially children) swimming \Vhile ill with diarrhoea (lowa Department of Public l lenllh, 2006) Contaminated rccrc:uional wate ^r can cause a variety of diseases such as diarrhoea, skin, enr nnd upper rcspiraiory inrcctions

2.13 l\lnnagc1ncnt of accidental release of faeces or von1it into poo!J.

If a substantial amount of loose runny stool (diarrhoea) is introduced into the pool, th ^e pool in the vicinity of the foccal ac.cident should be cleared of people and the faecal material should be removed as thoroughly as possible using a fine m ^e sh. If the disinfectant level in the pool is bclo\v the required level. then the pool should be closed immediat ^e ly A coagulant should be added ond pool water lihcred fo ^r at least one tum over before S\vimmcrs ar ^e allowed to use the pool The pool water should be super-chlorinated overnight, the pool thoroughly vacuumed and the filler bocJ.."\vashcd All relevant details should be entered on the log sheet (NS\V Hcahh. 1996)

If solid fa.ccal mater is found in the pool, the pool should be closed to all bathers. Bath ^e rs should be asked to take a sho\vcr prior to 1'1)-Cntering any pool to avoid cross contamination The rccirculoting pump and chemical feeders should be shut olT to slow down the dispersion or the material through the \Yater For facilities with diatornaccous earth, recirculation should be continued to ensure exposure to 2 Oppm of chlorine.. Faecal matter should be removed u carefully as possible using a net or scoop. The f11CClll matter should be disposed or in a sanitary sewer The remaining particles should be v'l!cuumcd and disposed to waste. All equipments used should be cleaned and disinfected ^(IOOppm

chlorine solution)

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ideally, I.hey sh ^ou ld have access only 10 small pools that can be compl ^e t ^e ly drained if an accidental faecal rclc:a5e occu� Showeri ng should nlso be cnoouragcd because it helps to remove traces of bath ^e r pol ^l ution such as ^S\vcal. urine and faecal mancr (\VHO, 2006)

Recreatio ⁿ al wat ^e r illnesses arc spread by swimming in wat ^e r contaminated as a result of poorly maintained or inadequate ^c hlorination or recreational water v enues, the p ^resence of

c hlorine resistant germs. runoff- related con1arnina1jon of lakes or marine beaches a ⁿ d people (cspcciolly child.rcn) swimmi ⁿ g ,vhi ^l e i ^l l with diarrhoea (lowa Department of Public Henhh, 2006) Contaminated recreationa ^l ,vate ^r can cause a variety of diseases such as diarrhoea, skin. enr and upper respiratory infections

2.13 1\1anagcment of 11 ^c cidental rclrase of farces or vomit into pools.

If o substantial amount of loose runny stool (diarrhoea) is introduced into the p ^ool , the pool in the vicinity of the faecal accident should be cleared of people and the faecal material shou ^l d be removed as thoroughly as possible using a fine mesh lf the disinfectant lev ^e l in the pool is bclo,v th ^e required level, then the pool shou ^l d be closed immediately A coagulant should be added a ⁿ d pool water fihcrc:d for at ^l c:1.st one tum over before swimmers are a ^l lo,vcd to use the pool Th ^e pool water should be super- ^c hlorinated overnight, tbe pool thoroughly vacuumed and the filler back\vashed. All relevant d ^e tails should be entered on the log sheet (NSW Health, 1996)

If solid faecal mat ^e r is fou ⁿ d in the pool, the pool should be closed to all bathers. Bath ^e rs should be asked 10 talce a shower prior to re-enteri ⁿ g a ⁿ y pool 10 avoid c ^r oss co ⁿ tamination The rccil'Qllating pump and chemical feeders should be shut off to slow down the dispersion of th ^e material through the ,vatcr For fa ^c ilities with diatomaccous earth, recircu ^l ation should be continued to ensure exposure to 2 Oppm of chlori ⁿ e Faecal matter should be r ^e moved as careful ^l y as possible usi ⁿ g a net or seoop . The fnectll molter should be disposed of in a sanitary sc,vcr The remaining particles should be vacuumed and disposed to waste All equipments used should be cleaned and disinfected (IOOppm chlori ⁿ e so ^l utio ⁿ )

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If deck surfuces arc contaminated, they should also be cleaned and disinfected with chlorin ^e solution (IOOppm) Th ^e rccirtulation pump should be turned on after the cleaning The f ^ree chlorine l ^e vels should be raised to 3ppm throughout the pool and maintained for 30 n1inutcs. Th ^e appropriate pR rang ^e should be maintained The pool should be reopened after disinfection and the required disinfectant levels should be maintained (Alhena Association, 2006)

The important steps in responding to vomitus in th ^e pool arc the physical removal of th ^e organic material follo,ved by disinfection If vomitus is found in the pool, the p ^rocedure for the management of solid foccnl mnuer discussed above should be adopted (Albena

Association. 2006).

2.14 Educ.at ion or pool slJlff and patrons

AJI pool operators sho ^u ld have taken part in a standorditcd t111inins course given by aquatic pr ofessionals. All slafr ^{sho u} ld kno,v the critical role of ,vatcr testing. proper testing methods, ond ho,v to respond if disinfectant levels ore not adcqulll ^e (CDC, 2001) Staff should be aware of simple tips to promote h ^e alth, hygiene and safety around the pool They should also be trnincd to communicate these messages to patrons.

Schools, p ^u blic health bodies (including health care p ^r oviders}, facility operators and user gro ^u ps can also provide information Castor and Dcach ^(2004), suggested that health care provid ^e rs can h ^e lp to disseminate healthy swimming messages to their patients, especially those patients with diarrhea and parents of children ,vho arc not toilet trained. or pati ^e nts who arc particulorly susceptible to certain diseases or conditions An attempt at education m&y also be mode by handing safety leaflets to users at the pool entrance or to those in charg ^e of organised gro ^u p 1ctivitics and displaying posters in n:ccptioo and changing room nrcas (Sport England & l lcallh and Safety Commission. 2003) lifcgwirds can also

act IS information providers. although this rol ^e sho ^u ld not interfere ,vith their supervisory role

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If deck surfaces are cor\Jaroioated, they should also be cleaned and disinfected with chlorine solution ( I OOppm). The n:cirrulatioo p ^u mp should be turned on afte ^r the cleaning The fr ^ee chlorine levels should be raised to Jppm throughout 1he pool and mointoined for 30 minutes The appropriate pH range should be maintained Th ^e pool should be reopened after disinfection and th ^e required disinfectant levels sho ^u ld be

maintained (Alberto Association, 2006)

The important steps in responding to vomitus in the pool arc the physical removal of the organic material follo,ved by disinfection If vomitus is found in the pool. the p ^rocedure for 1he management of solid foccnl mnncr discussed above should be adopted (Alberta

Association, 2006)

2.14 EduCAtion or pool slJIIT and patrons

All pool operators should have taken part in a st11nd11rdizcd tIUining cours ^e given by aquatic professionals. All stolf should kno,v 1hc critical role of ,vatcr testing. p ^ro per testing methods. and how 10 respond if disinfectant l ^e vels arc not adcqulllc {CDC, 2001) Staff should be aware of simple tips 10 prom01e hClllth, hygiene and safety around th ^e pool They should also be trained 10 communicate these messages to patrons

Schools, public hen.Ith bodies (including heallh CMe providers), facility op ^e rators and user gro ^u ps can also provide informa1ion Castor aod Ocach (2004), SUBSCStcd chat health care providers can h ^e lp to disscmina1e heallhy swimming messages to their patients, especially those patients ,vith diarrhea and parents of children ,vho are not toilet 1rained, o ^r patients who arc particulo.rly susceptible 10 ccrtllin discnses or oonditions An attempt at education may also be made by handing safety lcollcts to user.; at the pool entrance or to those in charge of organised gro ^u p activities and displaying posters in reception and changing roon ¹ nrcas (Sport England & 1 lcallh and Safety Commission. 2003) lifcg ^u o.rds can abo act u informntion providers, although this role sho ^u ld not interfere ,vith their SUJ>Cf'isory role

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If deck surfaces are contaminated, they should also be c ^l eaned and disinfected with chlorine solution ( I OOppm) Th ^e recirculation pump should be turned on aft ^er the cleaning The f ^m: ch ^l orin ^e l ^e v ^e ls shou ^l d be raised to Jppm throughout the poo ^l and maintained for 30 minutes. The appropriat ^e pR range should be maintained The poo ^l should be reopened aft ^e r disinfection and the required disinfectant levels should be maintained (Alberta Association, 2006)

The important steps in responding 10 vomitus in th ^e pool arc th ^e physica ^l remova ^l of the organic mat ^e rial follo,ved by disinfection If vomi1us is found in the poo� the p ^rocedure for 1hc manag ^e m ^e nt of solid faecal mo11 ^e r discussed abov ^e should be adopted (Alberta

Association, 2006)

2.14 Educ.al ion or pool slJ1fT and patrons

All pool operators sho ^u ld have taken pan in ^II st11nd11rdiz.ed trnining co ^u rse given by aq ^u atic professionals. All staff should know the critical rol ^e or ,va1cr testing. proper testing methods. and how 10 respond if disinfectant levels arc not odcquaie (CDC, 2001) S1a.ff sho ^u ld be aware or simple tips 10 prolllOlc health. hygiene and saf ^e ty around 1he pool Th ^e y should also be U11ined to communlcatc these messages to patrons

Schools, p ^u blic health bodies (including health e11rc providers}. facility operators and user gro ^u ps can 11lso provid ^e infonno1ion Castor ond Dcach (2004), suggested 1ha_1 hc8- ^l th care provid ^e rs can he ^l p to disseminate heAhhy swimming messages to their patient&, especially those pa1i ^e n1s with diturhea and parents of children ,vho arc not toilet trained. o ^r pati ^e nts who ar ^e particularly susc ^e ptible ¹⁰ certain diseases or conditions An allcmpl at education may also be mode by handing safety ^l caOets 10 users at th ^e pool entrance or to lhose in charg ^e of organised gro ^u p activities and disph1ying posters in nx:cption and changing room a ^r eas (Spon England &. I lea.Ith and Safety Commission, 2003) lifeguards can also act a.s information providers. altho ^u gh this role sho ^u ld nol interfere ,vitb their supervisory ro ^le

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2.15 Oevdopment of an outbrnk/emergency response plan

E,ery facility should d ^eve lop a policy to follow in the event that an outbreak is linked to their pool This policy should include an immediate health and safety respo ⁿ se as well ^{as a} strategy for communic ^a ting infonnation about the incident to the public, local ^health dcpnrtment officials and the medi ^a Any invcstigalion by the ^a ppropri ^a te regulatory bodies to dctennine the cause of the outbreak should be fully supponed by pool m ^a nagement (CDC. 2007)

2.16 l\licrob ⁱ nl Stnndords for Sw ⁱ mming Pool \Vnter Quality

Monitoring for po1cntilll microbial hu.ards is generally done using · ⁱ ndi cator' microorganisms. rather than specific microbi ^a l ha.zartls These indicator organ ⁱ sms ⁱ nclude thennotolerant colifonns / E. col,. Ptt!11Jom011as aen,g,,,osa. ug,onella ^{spp and}

Staphylococc11s a11reus \VHO docs not recommend the routine monitoring of Staphylococcus a11re11s, oltbough monitoring may be undcnoken as p ^an of a wider

investigation i ⁿ to the quality of the \Yater \Yhen health problems associ:iled \vith the pool are suspected. Where samples ^are taken, levels by \VI 10 standllJ'ds should be less than 100/IOOml Tobie 2.3 shows recommended routine sampli ⁿ g frequencies and operational guidelines for microbial test ⁱ ng during nonnal operation The result of ^a single sample does not give ^a n indication of overall pool management. The bacterial re.suits obtained should be entered into o dotabase 1ogdher with the compl ⁱ mentary chen1ical onalysis so

that baseline data is obtained on the pool moMgemcnt pe ^rfonnance These results should