Características del estrés laboral docente

While much of his work throughout his middle period was focused on secular subjects, one of Fialetti’s most ambitious projects in his mature period was a religious work, the 1626 De gli habiti religioni [Figs. 3.98-3.103], for Giovana Luillier, the French ambassador, Antonio Maffei and Pompeo dalli doi Mori.167 The first title page contains a crest (presumably that of Giovana Luillier), with two small putti holding up the banner with the inscription. The second and third title pages follow the same format, but the crest is of course changed to match the dedication. There is no mention of additional authors, contributors, or collaborators beyond printer Marco Sadeler, and therefore we may

164_{Stylistically, these are the most similar to Fialetti’s work (while also being significantly dissimilar to}

that of Francesco and Giacomo Valegio). If one assumes an even division of work, then there are 21 plates (including the title page), and thus each artist would have etched seven.

165

T. Tasso,La Gervsalemme Liberata, Padova (Pietro Paolo Tozzi) 1628. [BL, Rare Books, 83.f.18]

166

A. Buzzoni notes that the plates are engraved by an anonymous engraver, however I have noted that the V.F. monogram, potentially “Valegio fecit”, is identical to that in the 1625 Venetian edition, and is stylistically similar to his work, though it does show a clear debt to the work of Fialetti, whether he was directly involved or not.

167_{O. Fialetti,De gli habiti religioni, Venetia (Marco Sadeler) 1626. [BAV, Cicognara.IV.1649]. The work}

is 210mm in height, and divided into three books, with pages numbered from the image of Religion (2). It should also be noted that this earlier volume is much slimmer than the 1658 version. There is a second title page after the depictions of 26 of 70 religious orders, naming a second patron. The third title page after 51 is addressed to a third patron. For the dedications see No. 29, Appendix III. There are four additional plates not included in the BAV copy, but found in the British Library version and the Wellcome 1658 edition, illustrating: 71. Carmelitani Scalzi, 72. Padri Servi di StaMaria, 73. Di Santa Brigida, and 74. Padri di S. Girolamo di Fiesole. The plates are in the same style as the other 68, and appear to be by Fialetti’s hand. Their omission from the BAV copy could be due to loss when the work was put into its modern binding, and therefore may not constitute a variant copy.

assume that it was one of the two men who wrote the opening letter to the reader.168 He writes that the book has been written for the glory of religion, and that he is writing this book to record the various religious habits of the diverse orders that serve God.169 Directly following the letter to readers there is a full page illustration of the Allegory of Religion, which focuses on a headless female nude, though it appears to be a light underdrawing and shadow truncated horizontally at the neck, as if an earlier state of the plate contained the head. The figure is shown in prayer, her knee upon a plinth titled “RELIGIONE”; she faces the images referring to the New Testament and the triumph of Christianity. There are clear references to the Old and New Testaments separated on either side of the figure, including the tablets containing the ten commandments, a burning altar as well as a bull and ram waiting to be sacrificed on the right, and smoking censers, the chalice, paten and Eucharist, as well as the spear, cross, crown of thorns, and the stick with the vinegar-soaked sponge on the left. None of the plates are inscribed with Fialetti’s monogram and each follows the same format, depicting a member of the religious order in his or her habit against a plain background (though he does give it some depth by adding a horizontal line and light shading). The figures are shown in a moderately finished state, and attention is paid to the faces and identifying characteristics of the habits (crosses, hats, capes, rosaries, etc.). It should also be noted that only three orders of nuns are depicted separately from the monastic and priestly orders: the Monaci Cluniascensi di S. Benedetto, the Monaci Camaldolensi, and the Monaci Camaldolensi di Monte Corona, all of which appear in the second book.

168_{This work is mentioned in early printed sources. C.C. Malvasia,Felsina Pittrice, 312. No. 30, Appendix}

III. A. Masini,Bologna Perlustrata, 636. No. 31, Appendix III. G. Gori Gandellini,Notizie Istoriche degl’Intagliatori, 22. No. 32, Appendix III. F. de Boni,Biografia degli Artisti, 356. No. 33, Appendix III.

169

The book of religious orders was one of Fialetti’s more popular printed works, created for a wide audience, and was subsequently copied in Paris in 1658 under the title Briefve Histoire de l’Institvtion des Ordres Religieux. Avec les figures de leurs Habits, and again in 1680 with a variation of the original Italian title, Habiti delle religioni, con le armi e breve descrittioni lors.170 While the plates appear to be a reprinting of the originals (thus leading to the question of how Adrien Menier obtained the plates after the printing of the 1626 original), the division of the book in these two later editions varies from Fialetti’s three-book format. The 1658 Paris edition contains a second title page halfway through the plates, which is simply a translation of the title back into the original Italian, without the original dedications. In the Wellcome Library copy of this edition, the original owner made notations in this work, especially relating to the empty religious crests of particular orders, including the Order of Saint Brigid, which he filled in with pen and brown ink. The popularity of this book may be due in part to its versatility, serving several purposes and thus reaching a wider distribution than some of his allegorical works, acting as a religious reference concerning the habits and foundations various religious orders, and also as an artistic reference, serving as a pattern book for the young artist when depicting religious subjects of various orders. This book was also popular in seventeenth century

170

O Fialetti,Briefve Histoire de l’Institvtion des Ordres Religieux. Avec les figures de leurs Habits, grauees sur le cuiure par ODOARD FIALETTI. Bolognois.Adrien Menier, à la Porte Saint Victor, Paris 1658. [WEL, 51994/B] It should be noted that the 1658 version contains the four additional plates

(Carmelitani Scalzi, Padri Servi di StaMaria, Di Santa Brigida and Padri di S. Girolamo di Fiesole) that are not contained in the 1626 BAV copy which appear in the London version. O. Fialetti,Habiti delle religioni, con le armi e breve descrittioni lors...In Parigi, 1680. [BNF, Tolbiac – Rez-de-jardin – magasin, 4-H-401 and FB-14295(2)]

England, as a copy was brought back from Italy by Dr John Bargrave, and subsequently passed on to Archbishop John Tillotson in 1680.171