RESUMEN DE RESULTADOS
5. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LAS ISOFORMAS DE PB1-F2 DEL AISLADO 39139
● Social scientists have observed a GRADUAL INCREASE in ATTENTION being given to
LOCALSTUDIES
○ they are also aware of the “INAPPLICABILITY of their research METHODS”
EX: two-year period of surveys in more than 80 barrios in Luzon, Bicol region and Visayas
■ validated a sharp difference between west and the Philippines
● agricultural production[?]
● value orientation of farmers
● availability and quality of reserch resources and research ends Drawing up the Research Plan
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AKULANGAN sa mga TAONG may KARANASAN at KAKAYAHANG tumulong sa pagsasagawa ng mga PAGAARAL sa social science[?]●
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AKIKISAMA ng mananaliksik○ controlling the amount of RESEARCH TIME
EX: CONFOUNDED by
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ILIPINO CUSTOMS■ serving of DRINKS during interview
■ offerring researchers to join participants during dinner
● serving of tuba, basi aftewards
■ PANG
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IIMBITA ng mga kalahok sa mga OKASYON sa LABAS ng INTERVIEWEX: weddings, baptisms, padasal (after-funeral rites), happy-happy sessions (inuman)
● hindi maaaring tanggihan; kailangang PAG
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INGATAN ang PAGTUTUNGUHAN(rapport)
● CONFLICT sa “RESEARCHINTEREST”
EX: interview quota (12 per week), unpaid “over time” work Recruiting and Training Interviewers
● Western CRITERIA:
○ college degree holder, high scholastic ratings, interviewing experience and physical fitness
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EAL REQUIREMENTS:○ ability to WORK in BARRIOS: poor or NOAMMENITIES (toilets, showers, hot and cold water)
○ NOT being able to SHOWER for DAYS; NOELECTRICITY; issue of FOOD
○ WOMEN not being allowed and reprimanded to ROAM alone at NIGHT time
○ getting used to and adhering to beliefs and customs; paniniwala at pamahiin EX: pagtatanggal ng sapin sa paa pagpasok, pag-ikot ng pinggan kapag may aalis habang kumakain, lalawayan as noo,
● mga TANONG SA SARILI ng isang MANANALIKSIK na gustong pag-aralan ang mga Pilipino sa barrio
Fielding the Interviewers
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INDIMAAARINGBASTA na lamang SUMABAK ang isang mananaliksik○ HINDI gaanong EXPOSED sa researchers, volunteers, etc ang mga nasa BARRIO
○ dadaan muna sa Mayor's office, Baranggay Captain, Elderly, Punong Guro, etc...
● Kadalasan HINDI MAKAKAPILI ng LUGAR na TUTULUYAN ang isang mananaliksik
○ patitirahin sa isang “HOST”
■ paano kung hindi naging kaaya-aya ang lugar?
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INDI na (hindi dapat) MAKATATANGGI ang MANANALIKSIK○ ang hindi pagtanggap sa KABAYARAN para sa PAGKAIN
■ HINDI rin naman maaaring PUMILI ng PUTAHENG ihahanda Sampling
● What is sampling?
○ Randomization; representativeness
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IDS in INCREASING the RELIABILITY of information gathered○ CLASSIYING according to GEOGRAPHICAL or POLITICAL sub-DIVISION; social CLASS;
religious GROUPS; INCOME and occupational groups; type of land use; land ownership
■ problem is that barrios are not as mapped as urban areas Getting Reliable Information
● To get reliable information RESPONDENTS must:
1. understand the NATURE of the PROJECT
2. understand the ROLE of the INTERVIEWER
3. how well the above coincides with the RESPONDENT
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SEXPECTATIONS of such a project● INTERVIEWERS are often MISTAKEN as sales representatives, census agents, and tax collectors
○ when they explained that they were researchers and their goal was to HELP in the
BARRIOS development, they were mistaken as PHILANTROPISTS
■ expected fertilizers, irrigation facilities, etc...
○ they EXPLAINED that THEY were STUDENTS needing their help in the study...
■ taga-barrios responded: “We are the one's who need help...”
● western perspective:
○ confidentiality
■ sight of interviewer jotting down notes communicates otherwise
○ the interview being brief
■ presence ng mga usisero
■ mayor/baranggay captain ESCORTING the INTERVIEWERS usually end-up STAYING
the DURING of the INTERVIEW, PROLONGING the entire PROCESS
● also CONFOUNDING the responses
EX: when topic involves how the place is being governed Establishing Concepts and Definitions
● Even DEMOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS used to categorize NEED to be STUDIED and REVIEWED
of its APPLICABILITY
○ religious affiliation
■ west = individual preference vs Phil = familial even community affair
● hindi makukuha ang INDIBIDWALNA PANANAW tungkol sa RELIHIYON dahil
TABOO ang PAGTALIWAS sa relihiyon ng pamilya (lalo na sa mga barrio)[?]
EX: wala namang taga-barriong magsasabing atheist sila kung ang buong pamilya ay Katoliko
○ family type
■ nuclear family (parents and children) vs extended family (all relatives)
● Castillo (1963) & Feliciano (1964) = Filipino families are SOMETIMES
NUCLEAR in structure SOMETIMES EXTENDED, but FUNCTIONALLY, they are of the EXTENDED type
○ cooperation
how would we define cooperation?
■ Provise (1960) west = “discliplined, highly ordered code of behavior, de-emphasized familial loyalties, personal favoritism, rationalized behavior, rigid business practices:
individual independence”
■ Philippines = INTERDEPENDENCE among individuals
○ literacy
■ “the ability to read and write”
● researchers encounter literate readers but not literate writers
■ NOT necessarily a MEASURE of INTELLIGENCE
Measurement Techniques
● Concern with the RECONCILIATION of WESTERN MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES and
THOSEAPPLICABLE in the
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HILIPPINE setting● linear concept of TIME vs time as an event
○ “when to turn on radio?” - sa pangalawang tilaaok ngmanok
● question about “TIME
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USE”○ “how long do you listen to your radio?” - madalas. Basta kapag buhay.
○ ““how much tme do you spend feeding your hogs?” - pabalik-balik naman ako dun.
● measuring DISTANCE is also different
○ “how far from the center?” - isang sigarilyo
○ “kailan huling nanood ng sine?” - nung kinasal yung anak ng baranggay captain EX: asking for directions
● Measurement of FARM PRODUCE
○ measured as “tumpok”, “gatang”; mesaure in kerosene cans and empty “standard”
containers Using Attitude Scales
● Do not work reliably because of the “acquiescence effect”
○ HINDI MALINAW ang PAPEL na ginagampanan ng mga MANANALIKSIK sa mga kalahok sa barrio
EX: PAGSANG
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AYON ng mga KALAHOK sa pag-aakalang ito ang MAKABUBUTI para saPAG
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AARAL ng mga mananaliksik Writing up the Researcher Report● Hindi dapat basta ma-i-PUBLISH ang mga PAPEL at pagkatapos ay HINDIIPAAABOT sa mga
INTERESADO
● anong silbi ng isang papel na isinulat para sa akedemiya?
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INDI ito MAIINTINDIHAN ng mga KALAHOK galing BARRIO■ sila ang dapat maging target audience ng mga papel!
● dapat maisulat sa isang paraan na MAIINTINDIHAN ng mga KALAHOK mismo
● Mercado (1964) nakitang mas epektibo ang mga pamphlets, leaflets or comic-strip types sa pagkatuto ng mga magsasaka
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