ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS
6.1. CARACTERIZACIÓN MICROESTRUCTURAL
(a) when the walls and ceiling are painted green (b) by trapping the sun’s heat
(c) best when arctic mosses are grown
2. Greenhouse gases include all but which of the following? (a) Graphite
(b) Water vapor (c) Nitrous oxide (d) Carbon dioxide
3. The burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas) that creates global warming and changes the environment is known as the
(a) deforestation
(b) enhanced greenhouse effect (c) lithification
(d) biodiversity
4. Compared to carbon dioxide, how do nitrogen oxides trap heat in the atmosphere?
(a) They don’t trap heat at all (b) Much less efficiently
(c) About 10 percent less efficiently than carbon dioxide (d) Much more efficiently
5. Of the 92 percent of Americans who had heard of global warming, what percentage thought the United States should reduce its greenhouse gas emissions?
(a) 40 percent (b) 50 percent (c) 75 percent (d) 90 percent
6. When the earth’s natural atmospheric gases decrease the amount of heat released from the atmosphere, it is known as the
(a) wind power (b) winter solstice (c) greenhouse effect (d) green thumb effect
7. What percentage of total greenhouse gases comes from carbon dioxide? (a) 30 percent
(b) 50 percent (c) 70 percent (d) 90 percent
8. The 2004 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity suggests that global warming is causing
(a) poor television reception
(b) species habitat and migration shifts averaging 6.1 km/decade toward the poles
(c) an increase of mosquitoes in southern climates
(d) species habitat and migration shifts averaging 6.1 km/decade toward the equator
9. If the amount of human-produced carbon dioxide being absorbed into the oceans gets high enough, the ocean’s top layer may become increasingly (a) acidic
(b) basic (c) neutral (d) murky
10. British Petroleum, Intel, and SC Johnson have all committed to (a) supporting breast cancer research
(b) sponsoring a 5K race on Earth Day
(c) finding environmentally friendly ways of doing business (d) using wind power to power all their processes
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1. Which kinds of clouds are often seen around mountain peaks? (a) Contrails
(b) Stratus (c) Mammatus (d) Orographic
2. The large-scale clearing of all the trees from a land area by disease, burn- ing, flooding, erosion, pollution, or volcanic eruption is called
(a) sustainable use (b) deforestation (c) glaciation (d) toxicology
3. In early Greek mythology, the Earth goddess Gaia,mother of the Titans, was honored as
(a) a great cook
(b) the first Nobel prize–winner in earth sciences (c) an all-nourishing deity
(d) an excellent stag hunter
4. In which layer does all the weather we experience take place? (a) Outer space
(b) Troposphere (c) Mesosphere (d) Stratosphere
5. Weak tornadoes (F0/F1) make up roughly what percentage of all tornadoes?
(a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 75% (d) 100%
6. Atmospheric pollutants from volcanic eruptions affect (a) only insects and plants
(b) all living organisms worldwide
(c) only humans living at the base of the mountain (d) polar climates only
7. In the United States, what percentage of the species on the endangered animals list live in or rely on wetlands?
(a) 20% (b) 35% (c) 50% (d) 60%
8. Greenhouse gases are (a) hypothetical (b) measurable
(c) mostly made up of argon (d) immeasurable
9. The land below the levels of the seas is known as the (a) oceanic crust
(b) equator
(c) continental crust (d) wetlands
10. Wetlands are
(a) good places to find cactus (b) not found in the United States
(c) natural filters through which water trickles down to underground reservoirs
(d) not used as resting spots by migratory birds
11. The greatest impact on the greenhouse effect has come from (a) industrialization
(b) increases in benzene (c) cigar smoke
(d) hunters and gatherers 12. The oceanic crust
(a) is thinner than the continental crust (b) is thicker than the continental crust
(c) is about the same thickness as the continental crust (d) cannot be compared to the continental crust
13. Due to the undeniable evidence of global warming, the National Academy of Sciences has
(a) decided to ignore greenhouse gases since they produce colorful sun- sets
(b) ordered fans for all its scientists to help them keep cool while they work
(c) predicted global temperature increases of 3° to 9°F in the next 100 to 200 years
(d) become discouraged and now refuses to tell anyone anything 14. The Gaia hypothesis which stated that the Earth (Gaia) existed as a single
living organism was written by (a) Marc Williams
(b) Richard Gordon (c) George Bennett (d) James Lovelock
15. What do scientists call the landmass that was in one big chunk or conti- nent before it broke up into separate continents?
(a) Panacea (b) Pangaea (c) Pongo Pongo (d) Atlantis
16. For hurricanes to begin forming, meteorologists have found that ocean water must be warmer than
(a) 18.5°C (b) 24.5°C (c) 26.5°C (d) 36.5°C
17. Rain forests and plants are important because they absorb CO2from the air through
(a) osmosis (b) butterflies (c) the Krebs cycle (d) photosynthesis
18. Dinosaurs like Triceratopsand Allosaurusare (a) extinct
(b) about the size of German Shepherd dogs (c) usually found in shopping malls
(d) increasing in number
19. Nitrogen dioxide, which gives the sky that yellow-brown look, is also known as
(a) the Aurora Borealis (b) smog
(c) sleet (d) turbidity
20. The thinner, extended edges of a continental landmass found below sea level is called the
(a) continental shelf (b) transcontinental bridge (c) continental bookcase (d) intercontinental wedge
21. In the Gaia concept, humans are seen as (a) tourists
(b) the singular most important species (c) dumber than dirt
22. The first phase in the formation of a hurricane is that (a) ducks fly south
(b) temperature rises
(c) barometric pressure drops (d) barometric pressure rises
23. How well do nitrogen oxides trap heat in the atmosphere compared to carbon dioxide?
(a) Much less efficiently (b) Much more efficiently (c) About the same
(d) Nitrogen oxides do not exist in the atmosphere
24. When unique plant or animal species naturally occur in only one area or region, they are said to be
(a) exotic (b) adventitious (c) epidemic (d) endemic
25. Which of the following is a colorless, odorless, flammable hydrocarbon, released by the breakdown of organic matter and the carbonization of coal? (a) Methane
(b) Silicon (c) Graphite (d) Sulfur
26. In 2004, scientists reported in Sciencethat the ocean had taken up what percentage of the carbon dioxide gas that humans had released into the air since the 1800s?
(a) 30% (b) 40% (c) 50% (d) 70%
27. The Fujita scale is used to measure (a) fish
(b) wind damage (c) total body fat (d) rain damage
28. Old-growth forests are made up of trees that are often (a) 10 years old
(b) 50 years old (c) 100 years old
(d) several thousand years old
29. Which cloud type is the most familiar of the basic cloud shapes? (a) Nimbostratus
(b) Billows (c) Cumulus (d) Lenticular
30. As global warming has increased, many people around the world have (a) started building bigger cars
(b) begun developing “clean” energy alternatives (c) started going to the beach more
(d) stopped buying jackets
31. A complex community of plants, animals, and microorganisms linked by energy and nutrient flows is called an
(a) aquarium (b) equilateral atoll (c) ecosystem
(d) alternate dimension
32. The differences in the climate’s average state, or its regular cyclic vari- ability, over an extended period of time is known as
(a) early frost
(b) climate regularity (c) spring planting (d) climate change
33. When an animal or plant has a specific relationship to its habitat or other species, it is said to fill
(a) an ecological niche (b) a crevasse
(c) a sedimentary layer (d) a liturgical niche
34. Air pressure is measured with a (a) thermometer
(c) stethoscope (d) barometer
35. One example of the Earth’s overall equilibrium is seen in (a) ocean salinity levels
(b) Hollywood disaster films (c) growth rings of trees (d) roadside mileage signs
36. What is the primary cause of declining biodiversity? (a) Increase of mating pairs
(b) Habitat loss
(c) A hole in the ozone (d) Pesticides
37. Continents are broken up into how many major land masses? (a) 4
(b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10
38. Which of the following is considered one of the world’s “hottest of hot spots”?
(a) Sicily
(b) Melbourne, Australia (c) The Atlantic Forest (d) The Himalaya Mountains
39. The ever-changing total water cycle, part of the closed environment of the Earth, is called the
(a) magnetosphere (b) hydrosphere (c) lithosphere (d) trophosphere
40. Which North American mammals were killed in huge numbers during and following the construction of the first east-west railroad?
(a) Horned toads (b) Lemmings (c) Gophers (d) Buffalo