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3.3 El caso singular del vino Rioja
a Significance of Dead ball when ball comes into play when it becomes dead
b Ways in which ball can become dead automatically
c Ball to be called dead
d Call of Over or Time
e Whether or not a delivery counts in the over if ball becomes dead
Commentary
a In Comment a of Law 22 a sequence of events is set out as one meaning of ‘ball’. At any time during that sequence the ball is ‘in play’. At any other time during a session of play, the ball is ‘dead’. A session of play is all playing time, from a call of Play until the next call of Time, but is broken up into periods when the ball is in play alternating with periods when the ball is dead. Phrases such as ‘when the ball is dead’, ‘while the ball is in play’ occur frequently in the Laws. and need to be clearly understood.
It will be clear that coming into play is the same as ceasing to be dead and happens at the instant the bowler starts his run up (or delivery action in the rare cases where he has no run up).
Equally becoming dead is the same as ceasing to be in play and happens at the instant when activity resulting from a delivery finishes in any of the ways listed below.
b There are three ways in which a ball can become dead. The activity resulting from a delivery may
be halted abruptly by an umpire intervening come to a natural conclusion
be terminated by some specified event.
In the first case, the umpire has to call Dead ball. The situations relevant to this are discussed in Comment c. In the other two cases the ball becomes dead automatically. No action need be taken by the umpire to make it dead. The situations for these two are all listed in Law 23.1. They are separated out here into the two categories.
(i) come to a natural conclusion
Law 23.1(a) Sections (i), (ii), (iii) and, most particularly, Law 23.1(b) describe these situations. In Law 23.1(a)(i), the ball being finally settled is, as stated in Law 23.2, a matter of the umpire’s judgment. It must be clear to him that neither the wicket-keeper nor the bowler is intending further action. Obvious indicators, not to be regarded as the only possibilities, are the wicket- keeper passing the ball on without urgency to another fielder, or the bowler with the ball in his hand beginning to walk back to his starting point for the next delivery.
In Law 23.1(b), the Law correctly makes a fine distinction between the ball becoming dead and being considered dead. In practice they are the same.
In Law 23.1(a)(iii), the words ‘batsman is dismissed’ should be taken to include the case of a batsman retiring. There is a disctinction, discussed in Law 27, between a batsman being out and his being dismissed. There is also a gap in time between the two, usually very short, but not always so. As an example, the striker may be hit on the pad and there is an appeal. The umpire considering all the evidence may take a second or two to give his reply. If he gives the striker Out, then the ball counts as having been dead from the moment it hit the pad. If, however, the verdict is Not out, the ball will have been in play throughout. This applies however short or long the time gap is.
(ii) terminated by a specified event
Law 23.1(a) Sections (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii) and (ix) set out what these events are. For Law 23.1(a)(iv), (v), or (vi)
the ball is trapped between two things, for example between a batsman’s bat and his pad, if it might fall out when the batsman moves
the ball is lodged in something, if it would require someone to take the ball out of wherever it is.
Lodging is an obvious situation. To consider the ball trapped, there must be some time during which the ball stays in that position. No specific length of time is laid down; it can be very short provided the umpire is satisfied that there
is
a time delay.For Law 23.1(a)(vii), (viii) and (ix) the details are set out in each of the Laws quoted.
Finally, although no call of Dead ball is required in any of the cases in Law 23.1, Law 23.4(a) gives the umpire the power to make such a call if he considers it necessary to save confusion among the players. This may especially be the case in unusual situations. If he does so, it will not be necessary to signal Dead ball to the scorers.
c Ball is to be called dead
Law 23.4(b) lists occasions when an umpire is to intervene, thereby bringing the action resulting from a delivery to an abrupt and premature end. On these occasions he is to call Dead ball and accompany the call by a signal. The Law specifies that either umpire may make the intervention according to which one is first aware of the circumstances requiring it. Unless the situation is obvious to all he will inform the other umpire of his reason for calling Dead ball.
Law 23.4(b) sections (iii), (vii) and (ix) require no comment. There are a few points to be made about the other sections.
(i) Interventions for an act of unfair play may be in instances specified within the Laws, or for some other unspecified unfair act, as set out in Law 42.2.
(ii) When a serious injury occurs, the paramount consideration must be care for the stricken man and the call must be made as soon as possible. On the other hand due consideration must be given to the word ‘serious’. Minor injuries can be dealt with when the ball becomes naturally dead. They do not merit interruption and suspension of play.
(iv) A bail (or both bails) falling off is not to be confused with the bail(s) being knocked off by the wicket-keeper or the striker’s bat or person. There are circumstances in which a striker knocking a bail off requires a call of Dead ball. This is dealt with under Law 35. This Law (23) applies to Dead ball being called only if a bail genuinely falls off. Notice that it is only a bail falling from the striker’s wicket that requires a call of Dead ball. The reason for the call is so that the fielding side is not denied the possibility of the striker being Bowled, or being out Hit wicket, Run out or Stumped, because of the reduced chance of the wicket being put down by an impact when bails are missing, so that a stump must be removed.
During subsequent play fielders are allowed to replace bails that are off. This is not possible between the ball coming into play and the striker having had an opportunity to play it. (v) If the striker moves away or indicates in some other way that he is not ready, it may not be
clear immediately why he has done so. If this is the case, the reason must be ascertained. If it is an adequate reason the delivery will not be a valid ball. Otherwise normal conditions for the validity of the ball will apply. The umpire will call and signal Dead ball in any case. If the striker is early enough in making a gesture or movement which shows that he is not ready, the bowler may not deliver the ball. If he does deliver it, however, the umpire should note that he is to call Dead ball only if the striker makes no attempt to play it.
(vi) The time span during which a distraction of the striker, from any source, will merit a Dead ball call is a long one. He is preparing to receive a delivery from the moment he
concentrates his attention on the bowler approaching the wicket to bowl. His right to be protected from distraction does not end until after he has played, or played at the ball. Simply raising his bat to be sure of letting the ball pass without his touching it counts as ‘playing at it’. Being protected until after playing (at) the ball means that Dead ball is to be called for a distraction, and the ball will not count in the over, even if he actually played it. If the umpire considers the fielding side deliberately attempted to distract the striker, further action, described in Law 42.4, is needed
(viii) There are many reasons why the bowler may not release the ball. As examples, he may stumble in his run up. He may realise that if he continues his run up and releases the ball, he will have overstepped the crease. He may be startled by some noise or movement. The one case that is
not
a reason for calling Dead ball is his keeping it in his possession in order to try to run out the non-striker by putting down the wicket at his end. This applies only up to the moment he starts his delivery stride. Once his back foot has landed in his delivery stride, Dead ball is to be called if he does not thereafter release the ball.d Section 3 of the Law makes it clear that the umpire must be satisfied that the ball is dead before calling either Over or Time. Too early a call of either could deprive one side of an opportunity for some legitimate action.
e The cases in which the ball is not to count as one of the 6 balls of the over are stated in Law 22.3. There are the specific cases of
non delivery No ball Wide ball
some cases of 5 penalty run awards to the batting side.
Notice that the first three are mutually exclusive. For instance, a delivery cannot be both a No ball and a Wide. Penalty runs, however, can be awarded in conjunction with any of the other three, but of course the requirement that the delivery is not to count cannot be imposed a second time!
In addition, there is a general principle, stated in Law 23.6(a)(i), governing whether or not, in the case of Dead ball, that ball will count in the over. It will not count if the striker has not had the opportunity to play the ball before it became dead, whether automatically or by a call of Dead ball. There are five cases in which this general priciple does not apply and one in which it may or may not. They are listed in Law 23.6. Two of these are already within this Law, namely Law 23.4(b)(v) and Law 23.4(b)(vi). There is detailed comment on both above.
LAW 24: NO BALL