Ciclo 4 Estrategia didáctica “Los super poderosos de la escritura un mundo mágico

Ramaria cistophila

P.P. Daniëls, M.P. Martín, C. Rojo & Camello, sp. nov.

Etymology. From Greek kistos (χιστός) and philos (φίλος), referring to its host plants affinity, which are mainly Cistus species.

Classification — Gomphaceae, Gomphales, Phallomyceti-

dae, Agaricomycetes.

Macroscopic characteristics — Basidiomata branched, initially obconical or obovoid, then campanulate or widely obovoid, 4–6

× 3–5.5 cm. Base glabrous, with basal branches 5–16 mm

thick, white; mycelium inconspicuous, white. Ramification poly- chotomous in the basal zone, otherwise, usually trichotomous, U- and V-shaped, ramification range 3–6; branches cylindri- cal, initially densely grouped, then divergent; orange yellow to orange with orange yellow spore print. Apices obtuse, short, initially yellow, then concolorous with the branches. Context

fibrous, compact, brittle in the branches, homogeneous, con- colorous with external surface; taste sour in branches, softer through the base; flavour which reminds one of a rubber eraser. Chemical reactions: FSW (+) bluish green in hymenophore. Microscopic characteristics — Generative hyphae without clamps, partially with ampulliform septa up to 15 µm diam, with conspicuous granular ornamentation; hyphae of 4–9 µm wide in the trama, with thin to moderately thick walls; hyphae of the mycelium 2–4(–5) µm wide, with thin to moderately thick walls; those of the external part sometimes with amorphous crystalline or granular incrustations. Secretory hyphae in the trama and in the mycelium, the former linear and 2–4 µm wide, the latter acanthodendroid 1.5–3 µm wide. Hyphidia filiform, 2–4 µm wide. Basidia claviform, without basal clamp, (46–)50–73(–80)

× (8.5–)9–11 µm, with 4 sterigmata. Spores oblong-elliptical, (8.5–)9.5–11.5(–13) × 4–5(–5.5) µm (Lm = 10.9 µm; Wm = 4.7

µm; Em = 2.3); spore wall thin, yellowish with verrucose orna- mentation.

Typus. Spain, Zamora, Mellanes, La Sierra, alt. 840 m, shrubland of Cistus ladanifer, 19 Nov. 2015, C. Rojo, AH 47781 (holotype, Herbarium of Alcalá de Henares University; isotype, MA-Fungi 90716, Herbarium of the Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Madrid; ITS sequence GenBank MF564292, MycoBank MB822118).

Additional materials examined. Spain, Cáceres, Aliseda, alt. 450 m, shrub- land of Cistus ladanifer, 24 Jan. 2015, F. Camello, AH 47771, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MF564294 and MF564304; Cádiz, Jimena de la Fron- tera, Las Casillas, under Quercus suber, 29 Nov. 2014, A. Lobo, AH 47764; Cádiz, Jimena de la Frontera, Los Gavilanes, under Quercus suber and Cis- tus, 29 Nov. 2014, L. Estrada, AH 47765, ITS sequence GenBank MF564293; Zamora, Mellanes, La Sierra, alt. 840 m, shrubland of Cistus ladanifer, 2 Nov. 2015, C. Rojo, AH 47782.

Notes — Although the appearance and micromorphology looks like a small-sized basidiome of Ramaria aurea, R. cisto-

phila has a dark green positive reaction with FSW, it grows

in a Mediterranean climate with Cistus shrubs and Quercus

suber trees, and it has a different ITS sequence. Other quite

similar unclamped species of Ramaria are R. neoformosa and

R. fagetorum, but they have larger basidiomata and grow in

the eurosiberian region. Ramaria magnifica (= R. sardiniensis) differs by bearing a violet to purple hue on the base context and has a different ITS sequence; R. dolomitica also has a violet hue when bruised. The molecular analyses (parsimony and maximum likelihood), based on three collections of Ramaria

cistophila, and a number of previously unpublished sequences

from our team, clearly grouped the new sequences with R.an-

ziana (isotype) from Australia, collected under Nothofagus.

However, R. anziana has shorter spores (7–10.5 μm long ac- cording to Young 2014), and has a pinkish colour on branches. Other closely related species is R. praecox from Europe but it is a vernal fruiting species with a different colour pattern, being completely yellow.

Colour illustrations. Spain, Zamora, Mellanes, shrubland of Cistus ladanifer; a. basidiome (AH 47781); b. basidiome (AH 47771); c. spores (AH 47765). Scale bar = 2μm.

Pablo P. Daniëls, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] María P. Martín, Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]

Carlos Rojo De Blas, IdForest. C/ Curtidores 17, 34004 Palencia, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] Francisco Camello Rodríguez, Avda. Pozo del Paraguas 14, 06500 San Vicente de Alcántara, Badajoz, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]

The single maximum likelihood tree obtained through heuristic search with the model GTR + I + G selected in PAUP v. 4.0b10. Sequences of Ramaria acrisiccescens were included as out- group. Number at nodes represent percentage of bootstrap support from parsimony (first number) and maximum likelihood (second number) analyses; only bootstrap support > 50 % are indicated. The R. cistophila sequences are marked in bold. The accession numbers from GenBank sequences are indicated at all the terminals (* after GenBank Accession Number: new sequences obtained in this study).

Ramaria acrisiccescens AY102857 Ramaria acrisiccescens AY102858

Ramaria cistophila, AH47765, MF564293*, Paratype Ramaria cistophila, AH47771, MF564294*, Paratype Ramaria cistophila, AH47781, MF564292*, Holotype

Ramaria anziana TENN43401,

MF564295*, Isotype

Ramaria praecox, AH47730, MF564303* Ramaria praecox, AH48383, MF564296* Ramaria praecox, Schild 2178, MF564297*, Isotype Ramaria praecox, AH47804, MF564298* Ramaria praecox, MA-Fungi 48102, MF564299*

Ramaria admiratia KJ416133, Type Ramaria subtilis, AH48020, MF564300* Ramaria subtilis, MA-Fungi 48010, MF564301*

Ramaria magnifica, MA-Fungi 26386, AJ408354 Ramaria magnifica, MA-Fungi 47982, AJ408355

Ramaria boreimaxima KJ464996, Type Ramaria calvodistalis KJ416132, Type

Ramaria foetida JQ408239 Ramaria aurantiisiccescens EU837199 Ramaria aurantiisiccescens EU837198 Ramaria aurantiisiccescens JX310388 Ramaria aurantiisiccescens EU837197 Ramaria aurantiisiccescens EU644709

Ramaria sanguinea, MA-Fungi 48080, AJ408373 Ramaria rubiginosa DQ365650

Ramaria largentii, AH48019, MF564302*

Ramaria aureaMA-Fungi 48120, AJ408387

0.05 substitutions/site 100/80 100/100 100/100 100/100 68/<50 100/98 89/68 87/74 100/98 99/84 <50/66