CIRCUITOS DE CORRIENTE ALTERNA EN SERIE RC EXPERIMENTO

This essay has explored migration policy in Senegal, which appears to be a rather new policy field. The situation of internal and international migration flows within or from Senegal has been considered, taking into account the fact that migrations constitute a channel for the loss of excellence in domestic productive forces. The dissertation has investigated the existing initiatives of the Senegalese government in response to some significant challenges resulting from the emigration of its nationals; that is, migration and development, illegal migration as a result of more restrictive policies in the destination countries, brain drain and/or brain gain, problems related to transit migration, and so on.

Indeed, Senegal has been developing advanced plans and responses to help promote a better understanding of the roles migrants can play in national and local development through regional and bi-regional partnerships. The govern- ance of migration in Senegal has focused on the need for governments at local, provincial and national levels to improve the domestic investment environment, to help promote the productive use of remittances, the lowering the customs duty, taxes and fees on specific imported products and services, trying to improve information-sharing and management on migration (data building and access). However, some important issues have not yet been included in these agendas: for example multilateral partnerships, restrictive migration policies in destination countries, xenophobia, the feminisation of emigration, second generation immigrants, the human rights of citizens abroad (including aspects of reintegration of their nationals forced to return), proactive association of civil society and migration researchers in policymaking, and so on. On this point, we refer to Adepojou (2006: 10) who considers that: ‘in the African context, bilateral relations should be forged between the countries sending and receiving migrants within and outside the region, as well as multilateral arrangements

between the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the European Union (EU), African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of countries, and so on.’

Next, the paper examines policies and reforms that would lead to increased development outcomes, and assesses the Senegalese government’s capacity and political willingness to foster strategies addressing the control of migration flows, mainly the brain drain. Issues related to the contributions of migration in poverty reduction while causing brain drain in Senegal (brain gain for the host country and brain waste for Senegal) have also been considered. So we call for the Senegalese political authorities to make themselves more interested and engaged in the migratory phenomenon when they design policies for national development. Strengthening this attitude, with the integration of all social players, including the transnational networks will end up reinforcing authentic co-development processes.

The study has explored how sufficient and efficient are the existing initia- tives in managing the positive aspects of migration and has stated that Senegal policy-making should:

(1) boost productive activities through remittances;

(2) train and give support to immigrants who wish to return;

(3) involve immigrants in projects of cooperation with the Senegalese elite in the diaspora;

(4) educate potential immigrants in Senegal;

(5) create and support permanent bridges between people in the place of origin and in destination countries;

(6) involve national and local governments, civil corporations, managers, universities, educational centres, training and culture organisations, and immigrants organisations;

(7) create favourable conditions of life and work for potential migrant popula- tions and returned migrants.

Finally, we believe that any policy approach to Senegalese migration should call for harmonisation and, especially, continuity of migration agendas. These requirements are essential to attain significant advantages in terms of global progress, and would have many direct benefits for the country, at both local and national levels.

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International migration, national