Ciudad Paraíso: Proyecto de Renovación Urbana del Centro de Cali

1. Jellin JM, Batz F, Hitchens K. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Stockton, CA: Therapeutic Research Faculty, 2002:1530.

2. Lee A, Ngan Kee WD, Gin T. A quantitative, systematic review of randomized con-trolled trials of ephedrine versus phenylephrine for the management of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:920–926.

3. Astrup A, Breum L, Toubro S, Hein P, Quaade F. The effect and safety of an ephedrine/caffeine compound compared to ephedrine, caffeine and placebo in obese subjects on an energy restricted diet. A double blind trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992; 16:269–277.

4. Boozer CN, Nasser JA, Heymsfield SB et al. An herbal supplement containing Ma Huang-Guarana for weight loss: a randomized, double-blind trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25:316–324.

5. Breum L, Pedersen JK, Ahlstrom F, Frimodt-Moller J. Comparison of an ephedrine/caffeine combination and dexfenfluramine in the treatment of obesity. A double-blind multi-centre trial in general practice. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1994; 18:99–103.

6. Shaikh WA. Ephedrine-saline nasal wash in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 96:597–600.

7. Pasquali R, Cesari MP, Melchionda N et al. Does ephedrine promote weight loss in low-energy-adapted obese women? Int J Obes 1987; 11:163–168.

8. Astrup A, Lundsgaard C, Madsen J, Christensen NJ. Enhanced thermogenic respon-siveness during chronic ephedrine treatment in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 41:83–94.

9. Tinkelman DG, Avner SE. Ephedrine therapy in asthmatic children. Clinical tolerance and absence of side effects. JAMA 1977; 237:553–557.

10. McLaughlin ET, Bethea LH, Wittig HJ. Comparison of the bronchodilator effect of oral fenoterol and ephedrine in asthmatic children. Ann Allergy 1982; 49:191–195.

11. Astrup A, Toubro S, Cannon S, Hein P, Madsen J. Thermogenic synergism between ephedrine and caffeine in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Metabolism 1991; 40:323–329.

12. Meston CM, Heiman JR. Ephedrine-activated physiological sexual arousal in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:652–656.

13. Ueda W, Kataoka Y, Takimoto E et al. Ephedrine-induced increases in arterial blood pressure accelerate regression of epidural block. Anesth Analg 1995; 81:703–705.

14. Hughes SC, Ward MG, Levinson G et al. Placental transfer of ephedrine does not affect neonatal outcome. Anesthesiology 1985; 63:217–219.

15. Wright RG, Shnider SM, Levinson G, Rolbin SH, Parer JT. The effect of maternal administration of ephedrine on fetal heart rate and variability. Obstet Gynecol 1981;

57:734–738.

16. Farnsworth NR, Bingel AS, Cordell GA, Crane FA, Fong HH. Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents I. J Pharm Sci 1975; 64:535–598.

17. Lee A, Ngan Kee WD, Gin T. A dose-response meta-analysis of prophylactic intra-venous ephedrine for the prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 2004; 98:483–490.

18. Lee A, Ngan Kee WD, Gin T. Prophylactic ephedrine prevents hypotension during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery but does not improve neonatal outcome: a quantitative systematic review. Can J Anaesth 2002; 49:588–599.

19. Ducros L, Bonnin P, Cholley BP et al. Increasing maternal blood pressure with ephedrine increases uterine artery blood flow velocity during uterine contraction.

Anesthesiology 2002; 96:612–616.

20. Gilbert-Barness E, Drut RM. Association of sympathomimetic drugs with malformations. Vet Hum Toxicol 2000; 42:168–171.

21. Matsuoka R, Gilbert EF, Bruyers HJ, Optiz JM. An aborted human fetus with truncus arteriosus communis – possible teratogenic effect of Tedral. Heart Vessels 1985; 1:176–178.

22. Scherer R, Holzgreve W. Influence of epidural analgesia on fetal and neonatal well-being. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1995; 59:S17–29.

23. Werler MM, Sheehan JE, Mitchell AA. Maternal medication use and risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 155:26–31.

24. Torfs CP, Katz EA, Bateson TF, Lam PK, Curry CJ. Maternal medications and environmental exposures as risk factors for gastroschisis. Teratology 1996; 54:84–92.

25. Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Shapiro S. First trimester maternal medication use in relation to gastroschisis. Teratology 1992; 45:361–367.

26. Mortimer EAJ. Drug toxicity from breast milk? Pediatrics 1977; 60:780–781.

27. Aljazaf K, Hale TW, Ilett KF et al. Pseudoephedrine: effects on milk production in women and estimation of infant exposure via breastmilk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003;

56:18–24.

28. Brinker F. The Toxicology of Botanical Medicines. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 2000:296.

29. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA. Content versus label claims in ephedra-containing dietary supplements. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:963–969.

30. Haller CA, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Pharmacology of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine after single-dose dietary supplement use. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002; 71:421–432.

31. White LM, Gardner SF, Gurley BJ et al. Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of ma-huang (Ephedra sinica) in normotensive adults. J Clin Pharmacol 1997;

37:116–122.

32. Ooms TG, Khan SA, Means C. Suspected caffeine and ephedrine toxicosis resulting from ingestion of an herbal supplement containing guarana and ma huang in dogs:

47 cases (1997–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:225–229.

33. Li P, Tong C, Eisenach JC. Pregnancy and ephedrine increase the release of nitric oxide in ovine uterine arteries. Anesth Analg 1996; 82:288–293.

34. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996:649.

35. Martindale W. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. London: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1982.

36. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1833–1838.

37. Horton TJ, Geissler CA. Aspirin potentiates the effect of ephedrine on the thermo-genic response to a meal in obese but not lean women. Int J Obes 1991; 15:359–366.

38. Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE, Terry C. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician’s Guide to Herbal Medicine. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

39. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A et al. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.

40. Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler’s Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phyto-medicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.

41. McKevoy GK. AHFS drug information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.

42. Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33:1399–1403.

43. Dulloo AG. Herbal simulation of ephedrine and caffeine in treatment of obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002; 26:590–592.

44. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.

45. White LM, Gardner SF, Gurley BJ et al. Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of ma-huang (Ephedra sinica) in normotensive adults. J Clin Pharmacol 1997;

37:116–122.

46. McBride BF, Karapanos AK, Krudysz A et al. Electrocardiographic and hemo-dynamic effects of a multicomponent dietary supplement containing ephedra and caffeine: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291:216–221.

EVENING PRIMROSE