CLASES DE EMPRENDIMIENTO SOCIAL Y EMPRESARIAL

Crisis and emergency situations can be discussed in different ways. Some authors recognize crisis as an opportunity for development, while others believe that crisis is a destabilizing factor. Crisis is an error in the assumed continuity. If we start from this assumption, the causes of crises and the emergence of critical situations, in general could be discussed in a broad sense, because this assumption means that if all the circumstances are predicted and anticipated on time and have also been appropriately responded to, then these situations cannot be considered as crisis states or situations. In this sense, it is logical to ask what actually a crisis is. How to recognize it, describe it, and ultimately how to react to it? There are numerous questions, and therefore challenges, and even more answers. The understanding of crisis and critical situations is largely determined by the personal characteristics of individuals who deal with these issues, and also by their dedication to answer some questions more and others less in their efforts to analyse crisis and emergency situations. It is impossible to talk about crises in general. It is inevitable to strive for a definition and a description of the crisis in its manifestation, through the prism of perceiving the cause-effect relationships that result from the effects of regulations of a particular system. Also, there are different manifestations of crisis or crisis states - social crisis, political crisis, moral crisis, economic crisis, and the like. Although they are seemingly different, - hypothetically said `different` – all these forms of crises have the same origin and outcome, which ultimately affect the various flows of financial funds in a single system, and therefore it can be concluded that any crisis situation leads to the devastation of the society both as a unity, and on the level of the individual, which then again results in the instability of the socio- economic circumstances. Crisis is the inevitability of each system and it is its integral part. The only question at stake is its perception, i.e. the analysis and evaluation of the effects of the crises to the system itself. Many are inclined to argue that the crisis is most evidently seen through the prism of the state of affairs in the financial system. After all, in the recent years, crises are best described and assessed through the prism of the conditions and circumstances in the realm of the financial system. It is a controversial issue, given the fact that none of the crises have been proven to be induced, nor could be overcome by solving the state of affairs in the financial sector. It is only the effects of the crises that are mainly manifested in the financial sector, given the fact that the changes which are induced by the crises are best and first seen on the level of financial flows and trends; however, the crisis itself cannot be addressed to as an exclusive product of the financial sector. This thesis is supported by the fact that crises, either directly or indirectly, are a permanent presence in the socio-economic trends, and that since only the advent of globalization and globalized exchange of information can we primarily talk about financial crisis. Looking back in time, it becomes obvious that crises have always been a matter of everyday life and that people throughout history have dealt with crises in many different ways; i.e. in resolving its

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consequences. In ancient times, crises primarily manifested as disagreements or struggles between members of different groups of people, and through the mirror of these differences other forms of crisis appeared. In the recent history, crises and emergency situations are first manifested through the prism of the impact of the crises on flows of financial resources, which result in significant discrepancies in the financial sphere, and finally affecting the entire socio-economic state and trends.

As logical, doubts arise about the reality of the crisis which has been manifesting the last few years. Could this just be an attempt of hypertrophy of everyday life, with the ambition to affect the redistribution of social wealth and to impose new relationships in the possession of goods on a global scale, all through the prism of crisis and crises situations? The fact is that despite the disturbances produced by the crisis, both at macro- and micro-levels, the rich become even richer and the poor are impoverished even more. The similarities to the early phases of capitalism and to the primary distribution of national wealth are evident. History teaches us that things, circumstances, events reoccur, either under different, or often even under the same names. In this sense, is the crisis about which people have been extensively writing and speaking in the recent years really a new factor in the socio-economic trends, or is it an intentional hypertrophy of the real state of affairs and sequence of events in order to influence capital flows? Is this a real or an imaginative crisis, or a certain fiction of reality in an attempt to exaggerate reality so that events would be considered as different than normal? All these issues, dilemmas, ambushes and doubts set in front of individuals are significant challenges, and the answers lie in an intimate, personal understanding of the essence of the notion of crisis and crisis states.

In recent years, significant turbulences occur primarily in the sphere of financial relations and in spheres of financial system regulations. Many are inclined to seek for the causes of these conditions in the financial sector and in the deregulations of the financial sector, but the fact is that the crisis is only manifested in the state of affairs in the financial system; however, the causes are hidden much deeper and concern the systematic definition of socio-economic relations. A major problem is also the transition of the socio-economic system from monetarism to neo-Keynesian approach, with ever larger and more active state involvement in market flows. In this sense, the neo-liberal concept is on trial and it is unknown what awaits us in the future. There are numerous challenges present, and even more questions, but – currently – only few answers. However, some facts are agreed on by almost all; namely, that the crisis is inevitable, its perception primarily depends on individual bases and on individual understanding of the causes, as well as the assessment of the effects, and that the future is uncertain and probably very turbulent. Nevertheless, precisely in those challenges lie the opportunities for growth and development, and it is crisis and crises situations that the basis for future development should be sought.

Crises are the engine of change, and changes are a factor of development. In defining the place, role and importance which crisis and crises situations have on the socio-economic development, the personal understanding and the individual angle of perception is of great importance. What one sees as crisis, it is an opportunity for somebody else. In this sense, one can speak of a dialectical understanding of the crisis: reality and/or imagination?

The reflections on these thoughts are best assessed through the example of transition economies, which are characterized by significant changes in their socio-economic relations, dynamical circumstances and the eternal pursuit of harmonization of their socio-economic systems.

The dialectical understanding of the crisis also has a personal dimension, which is a deep, intimate, personal and honest judgement about the understanding of the crisis and crises situations. Finally, for a deep and sincere understanding of the concept of crisis and crises situations, it is necessary for everyone to ask themselves about the place, role and importance which crises have had in their own lives, and about the impacts which these crisis made on their decision-making processes and also on the assessment of the same crises. Understanding crises from this perspective, some of us will be supporters of the view

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that the crisis is a reality, while others will consider that crisis represents an imagination of