Clasificación de los recursos turísticos del municipio de Santa

CAPÍTULO 2. DETERMINACION Y CLASIFICACIÓN DE ATRACTIVOS

2.3 Diagnóstico de recursos, atractivos y potencialidades turístico del

2.3.2 Clasificación de los recursos turísticos del municipio de Santa

4.1 The purpose of the special survey is to confirm the findings of the superficial examination carried out at the Annual Surveys, by opening up of plant and machinery at five-year intervals for the purpose of establishing that no concealed defects have developed. While deciding the extent of opening up required, the Surveyor should consider various factors such as comments of responsible ship staff on the performance of the installation and the history of defects, if any, which have developed and required attention during the preceding 5 years and the number of running hours of the equipment, if not used regularly. It should be kept in mind that the condition of one component will be a guide to the condition of other similar components.

4.2 Refrigeration compressors normally operate under favorable conditions and are inherently reliable. The most detrimental influences are dirt and water within the closed primary refrigerant circuit. Whatever precautions are taken during dismantling and subsequent re-assembly, it is likely that both dirt and water will gain access (especially if dismantling is carried out under adverse conditions) and hence cleanliness during dismantling and reassembling is of paramount importance. Indiscriminate dismantling of compressors should, therefore, be avoided.

4.3 Components in refrigerating system, which are less sensitive to damage resulting from opening, generally suffer ‘wear and tear’ similar to that sustained by other items of auxiliary machinery and hence such items should be dismantled and surveyed as appropriate.

4.4 Low temperature pressure vessels are particularly susceptible to external corrosion of the shell plating in the event of the thermal insulation or the vapor barrier being faulty. Small sections of insulation should be removed to ascertain the condition, and obviously these should be selected to include any areas, the appearance of which may indicate some break down. Insulation and vapor seal must be effectively restored on completion.

4.5 Insulation and linings: Surveyors should use discretion when deciding upon the extent to which linings are to be removed for inspection purposes as the chances of deterioration is minimal with modern materials. In-situ foamed insulation and insulated panel systems can be checked by making small bore holes. Pre formed insulation blocks usually maintains its insulation characteristics well and only sufficient lining should be removed to establish that there is no general deterioration. Loose cork fill, glass wool and mineral wool have a tendency to settle in service and evidence of this should be sought by opening up of the small apertures at the top of the vertical linings. Openings in the linings should be made in positions selected to facilitate their removal with minimum damage and any insulation removed for inspection purposes must be fully restored and the joints in the replacement lining made air and vapor tight. Vapor seals on the internal linings of the chambers are to be examined as far as practicable.

4.6 Air ducts should be examined for damage by cargo handling, cleanliness and corrosion. The valves on air refreshing systems are particularly susceptible to corrosion and seizure, and should be checked.

4.7 Special instructions must be sought from Head Office before carrying out surveys of refrigerated installation on container ships and ships for liquefied gases.

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SECTION 5 Reporting

5.1 The relevant survey checklist should be used when carrying out surveys and a copy submitted to Head Office along with survey reports. The checklists to be used are AS/IS-CL for annual/intermediate surveys and SS-CL for engine special surveys. Items credited for machinery special/continuous surveys must be submitted in M-LIST.

5.2 At first surveys by IS, in addition to the relevant survey checklists as applicable, the Class entry report (CL-1) and Master list of Refrigerating Machinery Surveyable Items (ML-M) should be completed and copy submitted.

Copies of the previous society’s certificates and survey status (quarterly listing of surveys) covering any outstanding deficiencies, recommendations etc should also be submitted, where available.

5.3 Interim Certificate CERT-CL-I should be issued, valid for five months on satisfactory completion of Special Surveys or First Survey by International Register of Shipping. When survey is incomplete or deficiencies are noted, the Interim Certificate should be marked CONDITIONAL and the outstanding survey items/deficiencies must be noted on the reverse of the Interim Certificate. The certificate validity must be restricted to maximum two months.

1 LIFTING APPLIANCES CHAPTER 5

SECTION 1 General

1.1 The general term “lifting appliances“ covers lifting appliances for cargo handling, lifting appliances not intended for cargo handling, loose gear (lifting beams, spreaders, grabs, etc.), ropes and interchangeable components (hooks, blocks, shackles, swivels, chains, rings, etc.)

1.2 Crane columns, masts, posts, sea fastenings, foundations for lifting appliances, life-saving launching appliances, deck machinery, ramps and car decks etc. are covered by classification. Lifting appliances such as cranes, derricks etc., lifts, towing gears, access to ships, fishing gear, dredging gear etc. are not covered by classification.

1.3 Since coming into force of ILO Convention 32 in 1932, the testing and regular examination of lifting appliances for cargo handling on board ships has been mandatory internationally. All regulations require that testing and examinations have to be supervised and/or performed by “competent persons”. Owners/operators are responsible for safety and for ensuring surveys are carried out and also for selecting a “competent person“. In general, Surveyors of the respective classification societies carry out the above activities. A thorough examination means a detailed visual examination, supplemented, if necessary by other suitable means or measures in order to arrive at a reliable conclusion as to the safety of the appliance or items of loose gear examined. If necessary, components of lifting appliances are to be dismantled.

1.4 In general, surveys should not be undertaken by International Register of Shipping when the cargo gear register is not onboard. Prior to commencement of each examination, the documents for the lifting appliances are to be checked as to their condition, validity and completeness. Periodic surveys carried out by International Register of Shipping is not to imply any responsibility for the inherent design adequacy since this should be covered by the organization which carried out the initial survey and certification.

1.5 Some ships carry more than one Register for their cargo gear. In such cases, it is normal practice to endorse all registers when completing a survey.

1.6 Annual surveys are required within 12 months from the previous annual survey date. Quadrennial surveys are required within 4 years from the previous quadrennial survey date. For ships adopting the five-year cycle as per ILO 152, quinqennial (five yearly) surveys are to be carried out (instead of quadrennial surveys) within 5 years from the date of the previous quadrennial/quinqennial survey. It should be noted that anniversary dates and normal window periods are not applicable in the case of lifting appliance surveys and surveys must be carried out within the correct time (within 1 year or 5 years from the previous surveys).

1.7 Some flag states and port states (especially Saudi Arabia, Jordan, India etc.) have additional requirements concerning survey and certification of lifting appliances and clarification should be sought from Head Office, if required.

1.8 Cargo gear Register Book should be endorsed on completion of surveys with date, place, and surveyors name and stamp. The survey report should include the type of survey (e.g. 5-yearly, annual, damage), whether load test was carried out and if carried out whether test was carried out using weights or by dynamometer, if rigging plan is on board, marking of cargo handling appliances, details about the survey carried out, remarks, if any. Copy of the endorsed pages of the cargo gear register should be enclosed with reports.

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SECTION 2 Derricks

2.1 Verify that arrangements of lose gear, guys, mast stays etc. is as shown in Cargo gear particulars Book or rigging plan.

2.2 Derrick booms and mast fittings: Examine lugs etc. at derrick head and masthead. Examine goosenecks and heel pins for deformation, wear, scoring and other defects. Examine independent heel block anchorages and check efficiency of lubrication to swivels, goosenecks etc. Fittings on deck such as deck eye plates, cleats, wire rope stoppers etc. used in normal working to be examined for wear, deformation and soundness of attachment welds.

2.3 Derrick booms: Examine for corrosion (by removing paint if necessary), especially the part of the boom, which comes into contact with the crutch or housing. Hammer test to be done, if necessary. Examine for scars, dents and check that the boom is not bent. Ensure that head and heel fittings are in good working order by maneuvering the boom through all its working positions.

2.4 Blocks: Verify that blocks are marked and identifiable with the rigging list and that they are of the appropriate SWL for the position in which they are rigged. The blocks are to be examined with particular attention being paid to sheave rotation, efficient lubrication and verification that there is no sign of excessive wear on the pin or scoring of the rope groove. If sheaves do not rotate freely, or if the examination indicates that the block may not have been efficiently maintained, the block is to be stripped down. Repairs are to be carried out in a properly equipped workshop and if the repair affects the strength of the block, it is to be re-tested and certified.

2.5 Shackles, links, rings, hooks, triangle plates etc. are to be examined for wear, deformation or other defects (items must be sufficiently free from paint, grease, scale etc. to enable proper examination).

2.6 Wire ropes: Examine the entire length externally and internally as necessary for corrosion, and to ensure that lubrication has penetrated fully. Examine for worn or damaged wires particularly to rope adjacent to terminations, lengths that have been running or stationary over drums, sheaves and deflection pulleys and any other areas likely to sustain damage. Multi strand ropes must be carefully examined internally as wire breaks may frequently occur in the valley between strands. Examine terminal fittings, splices etc., with particular attention to broken wires at ferrule connections. Any serving on splices is to be removed for examination. Grips are not to be used as primary load bearing termination. Where used, the number of grips and their tightening torque should be strictly in accordance with acceptable national standards. When wire ropes are renewed/replaced, surveyor should ensure that the replacement rope is of the correct size and adequate breaking strength in accordance with the original particulars and supplied with proper certification.

2.7 Winches: Examine all components of gearing, shafts, clutches, ratchets, pawls and other torque transmitting components for cracks, scores and wear. Components should be adequately lubricated and lubrication arrangements should be in proper working order. All brake linings must be inspected for level of wear and replaced if necessary.

2.8 Re-test: Loose gear is to be proof tested if repairs have been carried out which affects the strength or if certificates are not available. Derricks are to be re-tested at the quadrennial or quinqennial survey, or after repairs affecting the strength of the derrick. Unless specifically advised, re-testing of union purchase rigs is not essential provided that the derrick has been re-tested in single working.

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SECTION 3 Cranes

3.1 Verify that reeving arrangement and blocks are as shown in Cargo gear particulars Book or manufacturer’s manual.

3.2 The sheaves are to be examined with particular attention being paid to sheave rotation, efficient lubrication and verification that there is no sign of excessive wear on the pin or scoring of the rope groove. Anchorage of fixed axle pins is to be checked and it should be ensured that sheaves rotate freely on axle pins. Check for excessive wear of axle pin and sheave bearing. Check condition of housing and separation plates.

3.3 Jib heel pins should be checked for efficient lubrication and to ensure that there is no detrimental wear.

3.4 Slewing bearings should be checked for adequate lubrication and to ensure that there is no detrimental wear or excessive movement in the bearing.

3.5 Wire ropes: Examine the entire length externally and internally as necessary for corrosion, and to ensure that lubrication has penetrated fully. Examine for worn or damaged wires particularly to rope adjacent to terminations, lengths that have been running or stationary over drums, sheaves and deflection pulleys and any other areas likely to sustain damage. Multi strand ropes must be carefully examined internally as wire breaks may frequently occur in the valley between strands. Examine terminal fittings, splices etc., with particular attention to broken wires at ferrule connections. Any serving on splices is to be removed for examination. Grips are not to be used as primary load bearing termination. Where used, the number of grips and their tightening torque should be strictly in accordance with acceptable national standards. When wire ropes are renewed/replaced, surveyor should ensure that the replacement rope is of the correct size and adequate breaking strength in accordance with the original particulars and supplied with proper certification.

3.6 Crane foundation bolts should be examined for signs of wear, corrosion and or permanent set. Welds should be examined for cracks. Structure should be examined for corrosion. Jib, tower, support pedestal, gantry etc., should be examined for any signs of local indentation or unfairness. In the case of traveling cranes check bogies, wheels, rails stops and stowage arrangements.

3.7 Shackles, links, rings, and hooks, triangle plates etc. are to be examined for wear, deformation or other defects (items must be sufficiently free from paint, grease, scale etc. to enable proper examination).

3.8 Winches: Examine all components of gearing, shafts, clutches, ratchets, pawls and other torque transmitting components for cracks, scores and wear. Components should be adequately lubricated and lubrication arrangements should be in proper working order. All brake linings must be inspected for level of wear and replaced if necessary.

Mounting brackets should be free from cracks or deformation. Anchorages of all wire ropes on the rope drums should be checked and confirmed effective. The rope drum should be checked for cracks and other defects liable to damage the rope. Winches: Examine all components of gearing, shafts, clutches, ratchets, pawls and other torque transmitting components for cracks, scores and wear. Components should be adequately lubricated and lubrication arrangements should be in proper working order. All brake linings must be inspected for level of wear and replaced if necessary.

3.9 Re-test: Loose gear is to be proof tested if repairs have been carried out which affects the strength or if certificates are not available. Cranes are to be re-tested at the quadrennial or quinqennial survey, or after repairs affecting the strength of the crane.

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SECTION 4

In document Evaluación multicriterio de los recursos turísticos del Centro Historico de Santa Clara (página 44-57)