Daniel Maceira
3. Cobertura del Sistema de Salud
Besides CAP measures Member States and regions have introduced a wide range of other national or regional policy instruments such as financial support for producing, processing and marketing organic products, a range of communicative policies as well as research support for projects related to organic farming. Figure 4.1 provides an overview of identified national or regional measures that are not (co‐)financed by the EAFRD or EAGF. This chapter describes briefly these measures. More detailed information is given in the National Inventories (see Annex 1).
Investment support for organic farmers and processors has been identified in Ireland aiming
to develop further the organic sector. The scheme provides grant aid of 40 % of the cost up to a maximum grant of EUR 60,000 for on‐farm investments or EUR 500,000 for off‐farm investments.
Organic marketing and processing support exists, for example, in Estonia, Finland, Flanders (Belgium), Estonia, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Romania, Spain and Scotland (UK). The national or regional schemes provide financial support for the development of local processing facilities, development of co‐operative marketing ventures, promotion of local retailing initiatives, establishment of effective market information systems or support for participating in trade fairs and exhibitions. Besides this, organic farmers may also receive advice on developing or improving a marketing strategy including the presentation of organic products in farm shops.
Until 2010, Belgium refunded inspection and certification costs of organic farmers under a regional programme (financed on the basis of the de‐minimis rule/Council Regulation 1998/2006). The same applies for Romania for the year 2008. In Denmark, organic inspection is carried out by a state body and the service is free of charge. In Ireland, each certification body is paid EUR 121 for each operator at the end of the year. A grant to certification costs is also given to farmers in Trento (Italy).
Many Member States support vocational training programmes for organic farmers or organic advisory services (e.g. in Flanders (Belgium), Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, the Netherlands, some regions in Spain and in the United Kingdom). In some cases, the state advisory services offer tailor made provision for organic farmers, e.g. Bavaria (Germany). Training and advice is also carried out by organic farming associations, which are supported by public funds (see also 'Institutional Support'). Specific activities are carried out for farmers aiming to convert their farms. Training and advice is offered in the form of phone help‐lines, information packages, farm visits or demonstration farms. An innovative conversion programme has been launched recently in Germany. Conventional farmers interested in conversion may obtain a farm‐check and are brought together with potential clients, i.e. processors and retailers before the conversion period starts. In many Member States or regions, training and advice is not just given for organic producers but also for processors or staff of certification bodies (e.g. Czech Republic, Slovenia).
Figure 4.1 Overview of identified national or regional public measures addressing organic farming
which are not (co‐) funded by the EAFRD or EAGF in 2007 – 2011
Farm invest‐ ment Marketing & Pro‐ cessing Certifi‐ cation & Regulation Training & Advice Informa‐ tion & Education Public procure‐ ment Promotion campaigns & events Institu‐ tional support Research Others AT BE BG CY CZ DK EE FI FR DE GR HU IE IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SK SI ES SE UK
Public support measures not (co‐) financed by EAFRD or EAGF available in the whole country Public support measures not (co‐) financed by EAFRD or EAGF available only in certain regions
Source: Own presentation based on information supplied by national experts.
Distribution of information on organic farming and educational programmes are two other areas where several Member States or regions provide support. Basic information for the wider public is disseminated, for example, in the form of booklets, leaflets or websites. This also includes statistical information on organic farming or the organic market. Financial support is given to develop or improve teaching materials on organic farming for secondary schools, for example in Austria, Estonia, Germany and Spain. Furthermore, there are study courses in organic farming at various state universities and universities of applied sciences. In Luxembourg, financial support is given for a pilot project on the introduction of organic
food in a school canteen. A similar project exists also in the Czech Republic. Furthermore,
public procurement projects have been identified at local or regional level in Germany, Italy
and Spain.
Several Member States organise promotion campaigns to support organic farming. This also includes support for events such as 'Organic Action Days' or award schemes for innovative farming. In Germany, promotion campaigns are closely linked to the national state logo for organic farming. Similar activities are also carried out by the regional governments in Germany. Promotion campaigns are usually targeted at consumers or the wider public – in some cases also at schools (e.g. in Germany, Poland, Spain) or distributors or caterers (e.g. in
Estonia and Spain). Furthermore, national or regional authorities participate in national or international fairs and exhibitions to promote organic food.
Institutional support is given in some countries and regions to organic farmers’ associations
or other organic actors for specific services, such as marketing projects, training courses or data collection. This type of support contributes to the development of an “organic infrastructure”. The regional government in Wales provides institutional support for the Organic Centre Wales to provide information for the organic sector and advice for organic farmers. A similar centre is supported in Lower Saxony (Germany), however on a project specific basis. The development and/or enhancement of the organic sector infrastructure is also an important aim of support in the Netherlands.
Eighteen Member States participate in the coordinated action CORE Organic II which is a transnational partnership joining resources within research in organic food and farming (Denmark, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom). In addition, several countries and regions provide research grants for specific projects that address specific national or regional topics relevant to organic farming.
In many cases, the identified measures have some similarities to those implemented under rural development programmes. This is particularly the case for investment aids, marketing aids and support for training programmes and advisory services. Some of the identified regional or national measures could probably also be financed under the RDP measures 111 (Vocational training and information actions), 114 (Use of advisory services), 121 (Modernisation of agricultural holdings) or 123 (Adding value to agricultural and forestry products). Obviously, some Member States or regions abandon the possibility of co‐financing these measures through the EU in order to have greater flexibility in programme planning and implementation or to avoid reporting duties.
As well as the measures identified above, organic farming is also supported by a range of other instruments in Member States which, however, are not specifically targeted at organic supply‐chain actors. For obvious reasons it is very difficult to clearly identify these measures if, for example, expenditure figures provide no information on how much money is spent on organic farming.
Furthermore, it is important to take into consideration that some Member States follow rather an indirect support strategy, where specific financial incentives for organic farming play a minor role. The collated information gives the impression that this is the case, for example, in the Netherlands where the focus is predominantly on support for knowledge generation, innovation and research, a close cooperation between the government, the private sector and a number of civil society organisations as well as horizontal measures (i.e. measures which are open to organic and conventional farmers) aiming to support sustainable agriculture. It appears that indirect support measures also play an important role in Denmark, where organic farming is well embedded in general agricultural policy. Fully capturing and understanding these indirect forms of support goes beyond a pure description of policy measures and would require additional information. This information was collected for selected Member States to assess the overall support strategy (see Chapter 4 in Part B of this report).