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As far as possible, VAV systems shall be used with all air systems, except for spaces requiring constant air changes/hours, and/or critical pressure differentials with respect to the adjoining spaces. See paragraph 2.4 for specific design considerations

2.2.2 INTERIOR ROOMS

Only all-air systems shall be used for interior space to take advantage of free cooling by an economizer cycle. When the existing exterior rooms become interior rooms because of new construction or modifications, the HVAC system for these rooms must be checked and modified to all air systems provided these rooms are not already served by all air systems. This is required even though these rooms may not be a part of the new or modification project.

2.2.3 TERMINAL REHEAT SYSTEM

Use of constant volume with terminal reheat systems shall be confined to areas such as operating rooms, SPD, laboratories, recovery, intensive care, animal research, autopsy, and BMT patient rooms, recovery rooms, donor rooms, medical preparation rooms and Spinal Cord Injury.

2.2.4 DUAL DUCT SYSTEM

For dual-duct systems utilizing 100 percent outdoor air, analyze the need for pre-cooling coils to control humidity during low load conditions.

2.2.5 RETURN AIR FANS

All air-handling units using return air shall be furnished with return air fans for economizer cycle capability, pressure relationship, and to

facilitate positive control of air balance.

2.2.6 SYSTEM ZONING REQUIREMENTS 2.2.6.1 GENERAL GUIDELINES

The VA criteria for zoning HVAC systems and the selection of the type of air handling units (AHUs) is based on the specific HVAC requirements of the medical departments, life cycle cost analysis, and energy conservation. For existing facilities, considerations listed below could also influence the selection of HVAC systems.

(a) Space availability for equipment, piping, and ductwork

(b) Phasing requirements

(c) Capacities and conditions of the existing HVAC systems, if any, serving the areas to be renovated

(d) Impact of the renovation activities on the adjoining areas not included in the project

2.2.6.2 While it is desirable to follow the structural and architectural symmetry of the building by providing a dedicated AHU to service a specific module/quadrant. This approach should not compromise the functional integrity of the spaces. Generally, different medical departments are to be provided with dedicated AHUs to meet their HVAC requirements. Deviations from

providing dedicated AHUs should be referred to the VA with specific information as to the extent and impact of any violations.

2.2.7 DUCTED RETURN/EXHAUST REQUIREMENTS

Return and exhaust air shall be ducted for all spaces, i.e., air shall not be taken through ceiling plenums, mechanical equipment rooms, corridors or

furred spaces. Circulation of air directly between functional areas is not permitted, except for toilet rooms and janitor closets. The exhaust air to the toilet should be transferred via door undercuts or louvers. Transfer grilles are not permitted between corridor and occupied spaces.

2.2.8 CORRIDORS, TOILETS AND JANITOR CLOSETS (HACS)

Conditioned air shall be supplied to corridors, toilets, janitor closets (HACs), and bathrooms, etc., which open directly to the corridor to maintain design temperature and to provide make-up air for the exhaust air

requirements.

2.2.9 FUNCTIONAL NEEDS OF SPACES (a) Ventilation Air:

(1) 100 percent outdoor air, or

(2) Minimum outdoor air, as stipulated in Article 1.3.

(b) Hours of Operation:

(1) 24 hours a day throughout the year, or

(2) 10 to 12 hours with weekend/holidays shutoff.

(c) Interior design conditions:

(1) Room temperature and humidity, or (2) Summer and winter set points (d) Supply air volume:

(1) Constant air volume with minimum fixed air changes per hour; or (2) Variable air volume with flexibility to vary the supply air volume according to the fluctuations in the cooling load.

(e) Special Exhaust Air Systems: The following and other special exhaust systems outlined in Article 2.11 will influence the choice of air handling systems because an operating interlock between the supply and exhaust air systems is essential to ensure the following:

(1) Laboratory fume hood systems (2) Animal research exhaust (3) Autopsy exhaust

(4) Kitchen range hood exhaust (5) Isolation room exhausts

(6) Ethylene oxide sterilizer (ETO) exhausts (f) Air Pressurization

(1) Positive air pressure or negative air pressure of certain medical departments in relation to adjoining areas

2.2.10 DEDICATED AIR HANDLING UNITS

The following areas shall have dedicated air handling units complete with return and/or exhaust air fans. See Chapter 3 for further details.

(a) Animal Holding Areas (b) Animal Research Areas

(c) Auditoriums, Chapels, and Theaters (d) Autopsy Suites

(e) BMT (Bone Marrow Transplant) Suites

(f) Computer Room A/C Units (for equipment cooling only) (g) Dental Clinics

(h) Dietetics (Kitchen & Dining & Cafeteria)

(i) Emergency Care Units (Part of Ambulatory Care Unit) (j) Intensive Care Units (ICUs)

(k) Laboratories (l) Laundries (m) Medical Media

(n) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIs) or CT Scanner Units (o) Nuclear Medicine

(p) Nursing Wings (Patient Bedrooms): The following areas, generally

associated with the functional needs of the nursing wing, can be served by the same air-handling unit serving the patient bedrooms.

(1) Nurse's Station (2) Examination Room (3) Doctor's Office (4) Lounge

(5) Therapy Room

(6) Clean and Soiled Storage Rooms (q) Pharmacy (Inpatient)

(r) Radiology Suites

(s) Spinal cord Injury (SCI) units

(t) Supply Process & Distribution (SPD) Suites (u) Surgical Suites

(v) Telephone Equipment Rooms (For equipment cooling only) 2.2.11 EXCEPTIONS/MODIFICATIONS TO DEDICATED AIR HANDLING UNITS

The areas and functions listed below may (or may not) have dedicated air-handling units. Depending upon their architectural layouts and similarity of the HVAC requirements, these areas can be grouped together to be served by a common air-handling unit.

(a) Ambulatory Care and Outpatient Examination/Treatment Rooms (b) Clinics and other special areas, such as:

(1) Audiology Suites

(2) Special Procedure Rooms (3) ENT Clinics

(4) Eye Clinics

(5) Pharmacy (Outpatient) (6) Pulmonary Areas

(c) Medical Administration Service (MAS), Offices, and assorted areas, such as:

(1) Barber shops (2) Chaplain

(3) Day Treatment (4) Libraries

(5) Medical Records

(6) Nursing Administration (7) Recreation

(8) Rehabilitation (9) Retail Stores (10) Security Offices (11) Therapy Areas (12) Volunteers

(d) The HVAC requirements for areas not listed above should be discussed with the VA before proceeding with the design.

2.3 HVAC EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS