NIVl'.L DE ARMÓNICAS INDIVIDUALES (J;V) , ' º
7.4 Comparación de los Límites del Perú con Otros Países.
i) Initial recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.
ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.
iii) Exchange differences
All exchange gains and losses arising out of transaction/restatement, are accounted for in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
iv) Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk.
Forward premium in respect of forward exchange contracts is amortised and recognised over the life of the contract. Exchange differences in such contract are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the exchange rates change.
Notes
forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended March 31, 2014. L) LeasesFinance leases, which effectively transfer to the company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and present value of minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs of lease are capitalized.
A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset or the useful life envisaged in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, whichever is lower. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the company will obtain the ownership by the end of the lease term, the capitalized asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset, the lease term or the useful life envisaged in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.
Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
M) Research and Development
Research and development expenditure is charged to revenue under the natural heads of accounts in the year in which it is incurred. Fixed assets utilised for research and development are capitalised and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for tangible assets and Intangible assets.
N) Employee Benefits
i) Defined Contribution plan
Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund, Superannuation, Employees State Insurance Contribution and Labour Welfare Fund are defined contribution schemes. The company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to these funds/schemes. The company
recognizes contribution payable to these funds/ schemes as expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to these funds/schemes for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the funds/schemes are recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.
ii) Defined Benefit plan
The Group provides for retirement benefits in the form of gratuity. The company’s liability, towards these benefits is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation using Project Unit Credit Method at the date of balance sheet. Actuarial gains/losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they occur. iii) Compensated absences
Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
The Group treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long- term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred. iv) Terminal Benefits
The group recognizes termination benefit as a liability and an expense when the company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
Notes
forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended March 31, 2014. O) Taxes on Incomea) Current Tax: Current Tax is determined as the amount of tax payable on taxable income for the year as per the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961.
Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as current tax. The company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as “MAT Credit Entitlement.” The company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period. b) Deferred Tax: Deferred tax is recognised on
timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year, and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted on the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is a reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.