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The 3DEC Version 3.0 manual consists of eight documents. This document, the User’s Guide, is the main guide to using 3DEC and contains descriptions of the features and capabilities of the program along with recommendations on the best use of 3DEC for problem solving. The remaining documents cover various aspects of 3DEC, including theoretical background information, verification testing and example applications. The complete manual is available in electronic format on the Itasca software CD-ROM (viewed with Acrobat Reader), as well as in paper format.

The organization of the eight documents and brief summaries of the contents of each section follows.

Please note that if you are viewing the manual in the Acrobat Reader, double-clicking on a section number given below will immediately open that section for viewing.

User’s Guide

Section 1 Introduction

This section introduces you to 3DEC and its capabilities and features. An overview of the new features in the latest version of 3DEC is also provided.

Section 2 Getting Started

If you are just beginning to use 3DEC or are only an occasional user, we recom-mend that you readSection 2. This section provides instructions on installation and operation of the program as well as a simple tutorial to guide the new user through a 3DEC analysis.

Section 3 Problem Solving

Section 3is a guide to practical problem solving. Turn to this section once you are familiar with the program operation. Each step in a 3DEC analysis is discussed in detail, and advice is given on the most effective procedures to follow when creating, solving and interpreting a 3DEC model simulation.

Section 4 FISH Beginner’s Guide

Section 4 provides the new user with an introduction to the FISH programming language in 3DEC. This includes a tutorial on the use of the FISH language. FISH is described in detail inSection 2in the FISH volume.

Section 5 Graphical Interface

3DEC contains a graphical interface to facilitate both model creation and presentation of results. Section 5describes the features of this interface.

Section 6 Miscellaneous

Various information is contained inSection 6, including the 3DEC runtime bench-mark and procedures for reporting errors and requesting technical support.

Section 7 Bibliography

Section 7contains a bibliography of published papers describing some uses of 3DEC.

Command Reference

Section 1 Command Reference

All the commands that can be entered in the command-driven mode in 3DEC are described inSection 1in the Command Reference.

Section 2 Error Messages

Section 2in the Command Reference lists all the error messages and their meanings.

FISH in 3DEC

Section 1 FISH Beginner’s Guide

Section 1 in the FISH volume provides the new user with an introduction to the FISH programming language in 3DEC. This includes a tutorial on the use of the FISH language.

Section 2 FISH Reference

Section 2in the FISH volume contains a detailed reference to the FISH language.

All FISH statements, variables and functions are explained and examples given.

Section 3 Library of FISH Functions

A library of common and general purpose FISH functions is given in Section 3in the FISH volume. These functions can assist with various aspects of 3DEC model generation and solution.

Section 4 Program Guide

Section 4in the FISH volume contains a program guide to 3DEC ’s linked-list data structure. This is provided for advanced users to have more direct access to 3DEC variables.

Section 5 FISH Error Messages

A complete list of FISH error messages is given inSection 5in the FISH volume.

Theory and Background

Section 1 Background — The Distinct Element Method

The theoretical formulation for 3DEC is described in detail inSection 1 in Theory and Background.

Section 2 Block Constitutive Models

The theoretical formulation and implementation of the various block constitutive models are described inSection 2in Theory and Background.

Section 3 Continuously-Yielding Joint Model

Section 3in Theory and Background describes the formulation for the continuously yielding joint model. A simulation of a direct shear test with the model is also given.

Section 4 Structural Elements

Section 4in Theory and Background describes the structural element reinforcement models available in 3DEC.

Section 5 Polygon Generator

The pre-processor program, PGEN, that assists with the creation of complex models is described inSection 5in Theory and Background.

Section 6 Joint Fluid Flow

Section 6 in Theory and Background describes the implementation of joint fluid flow in 3DEC.

Optional Features

Section 1 Thermal Option

Section 1 in Optional Features describes the thermal model option and presents several verification problems that illustrate its application both with and without interaction with mechanical stress.

Section 2 Dynamic Analysis

The dynamic analysis option is described and considerations for running a dynamic model are provided inSection 2in Optional Features. Several verification examples are also included in this section.

Section 3 Surface Support Model

A surface support model option is provided to simulate tunnel lining and slope stabilizing lining. Section 3 in Optional Features describes the surface support model.

Section 4 User-Defined Models and Extended Constitutive Models

Section 4in Optional Features contains theoretical descriptions of several material constitutive models and instructions needed to write new models which can be used by 3DEC.

Verification Problems and Example Applications

This volume is divided into two sections. The first section contains a collection of 3DEC verification problems. These are tests in which a 3DEC solution is compared directly to an analytical (i.e., closed-form) solution. SeeTable 1in the Verification and Examples volume for a list of the verification problems.

The second section contains example applications of 3DEC that demonstrate the various classes of problems to which 3DEC may be applied. See Table 2 in the Verification and Examples volume for a list of the example applications.

Command and FISH Reference Summary

A quick summary of all 3DEC commands and FISH statements is contained in the Command and FISH Reference Summary.