Composición de las pastas dentales en estudio

1. She didn’t come home late, __________________________________ 2. She hasn’t paid her fees, __________________________________ 3. A farmer is an important person,_______________________________ 4. He grows food for the country, __________________________________ 5. You have met her before, __________________________________ 6. She doesn’t look well, __________________________________

9. The girl won the prize, __________________________________ 10. All the students have done well, ________________________________ 11. They didn’t tell lies, __________________________________

12. We can’t cross the street here, _________________________________ 13. She doesn’t understand English, ________________________________ 14. The horse didn’t win the race, _________________________________ 15. Judges wear wigs, _________________________________

16. We must serve our country, __________________________________ 7. We ought to help her, __________________________________

18. Missionaries are devoted persons, ______________________________ 19. She will visit us tomorrow, __________________________________ 20. They have gone to their village today,____________________________ 21. They won’t help us, __________________________________

22. They couldn’t answer any of the question_________________________ 23. They aren’t clever enough, __________________________________ 24. He wasn’t present at the party, ________________________________ 25. They didn’t know her, __________________________________

26. The fisherman caught nothing, _________________________________ 27. She speaks French, __________________________________

28. They could go early if they wanted, _____________________________ 29. She went home early, __________________________________

30. We must leave soon, __________________________________ 31. She doesn’t speak English, __________________________________ 32. She hasn’t come yet, __________________________________ 33. We must not be impatient, __________________________________ 34. Jack and Jill didn’t pass, __________________________________ 35. They won’t attend the meeting, ________________________________ 36. He usually comes home late, _______________________________ 37. She came early this morning, __________________________________ 38. I will see her tonight, __________________________________

39. We had to finish our home work quickly.__________________________ 40. She shouldn’t tell lies, __________________________________

EXERCISE – 13

1. They were tired, ---?

2. She answered all the questions, ---? 3. You can speak Hindi, ---?

4. They have not any T.V. set, ---? 5. It was a cold day, ---?

6. He won’t pass this year, ---? 7. I am not late, ---?

8. You are not well today, ---? 9. Sita sings well, ---?

10. She is not here now, ---? 11. He came late, ---?

12. They didn’t score any goal, ---? 13. It won’t rain, ---?

14. They grow all our food, ---?

15. Children love to eat ice creams, ---? 16. We need not wait, ---?

17. He is a very important person, ---? 18. He works hard for us, ---?

19. He has a strong body, ---? 20. They were poor, ---? 21. They will help us, ---?

22. The children were not noisy, ---? 23. It is a fine morning, ---?

24. You will help us, ---? 25. They didn’t help you, ---?

27. They are not going, ---? 28. He doesn’t keep a buffalo, ---?

29. He has not any radio set in his hut, ---? 30. They don’t go to school, ---?

31. He doesn’t quarrel with anyone, ---? 32. We can’t live without food, ---? 33. You didn’t come yesterday, ---? 34. They were not present there, ---? 35. It was not fine, ---?

36. His children haven’t any fine clothes, ---? 37. She will help us, ---?

38. He won’t come to school tomorrow, ---? 39. They have played the match, ---?

40. They helped their friend, ---? 41. They didn’t score three goals, ---? 42. There was a large crowd, ---? 43. It rained yesterday, ---? 44. He often goes there, ---? 45. They could help you, ---? 46. You shouldn’t do this, ---? 47. The sun had already set, ---?

48. A strong wind blew across the meadow, ---? 49. The moon shines bright, ---?

50. She doesn’t like cold weather, ---? 51. Birds fly, ---?

8. TENSES

Introduction:

The verb in a sentence expresses an action or event or a state. It also tells whether an action took place in the past or whether it is taking place now or whether it will take place in future. Thus the verb shows the time of action by certain forms it takes. These forms are called the tense forms of the verb.

Mainly there are three tenses. They are;

1. Present Tense, 2. Past Tense and 3. Future Tense.

The different forms of Tenses :

Tenses Present Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous Past Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous Future Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous I. Present Tense.

Present Tense consists of four subdivisions, which are; 1. Simple Present Tense,

2. Present Continuous Tense 3. Present Perfect Tense, and

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense. .

1. Simple Present Tense: [Sub + V1 (-s or –es]

Sub V1 I We You He/She/It They Manoj study study study studies study studies

a) To express a daily or a habitual action;

Eg: 1. She drinks milk daily. 2. He gets up at 5 everyday. 3. College begins at 10 o’ Clock. 4. He goes to the temple daily. 5. They do exercise every morning.

b) To express a universal truth or a general fact;

Eg: 1. Water boils at 1000_C.

2. The Sun rises in the east. 3. Cows give us milk.

4. The Earth moves round the sun. 5. Man is mortal.

c) To express a planned future action;

Eg: 1. The match starts at 5 P.M.

2. The President of the US visits India next month. 3. The train leaves at 5.20 A.M.

4. We leave for Hyderabad at 8.30 next Sunday

5. The Prime Minister arrives in Vijayawada at 3 P.M. on Wednesday.

d) Some verbs like see, smell, love, like, seem, want, need, believe, taste, wish etc are usually expressed in simple present form.

Eg: 1. This mango tastes sweet.

2. She wants to get her watch repaired. 3. I wish you all the best.

4. They believe in God.

e) With the adverbs like usually, generally, daily, every, occasionally etc.

Eg: 1. I play tennis daily.

2. Usually she doesn’t tell a lie.

3. The Olympic games take place every four years.

Note: In simple present tense, when the subject is third person singular, (such as he, she it,

or any other singular nouns), we have to add –s, or –es to the verb. Eg: He drinks tea every morning.

Manu does her homework daily.

2. Present Continuous Tense. [Sub +is/am/are + V1 + ing]

Sub is/am/are V1 + ing I We You He/She/It They Manoj am are are is are is studying studying studying studying studying studying

a) To express an action going on at the time of speaking;

Eg: 1. She is singing now.

2. The boys are playing hockey. 3. The leaves are falling to the ground. 4. The students are doing their homework.

b) For a temporary action which may not be happening at the time of speaking;

Eg: 1. I am reading “The Trojan War.” (but I am not reading at this moment) 2. He is verifying the accounts.

3. They are constructing a bridge.

c) To express an action which is already planned to take place in near future;

Eg: 1. We are going to cinema tonight. 2. My uncle is arriving tomorrow.

3. They are leaving for Delhi in the evening.

d) With the words like now, at present, at this moment, look, see Etc.

Eg: 1. Look, how the bird is flying. 2. He is doing his studies at present. 3. See Your friend is coming.

4. It is raining now.

3. Present Perfect Tense. [ Sub + have/has + V3]

Sub have/has V3 I We You He/She/It They Manoj have have have has have has studied studied studied studied studied studied Uses:

a) To express past actions whose time is not mentioned or not definite;

Eg: 1. We have got freedom.

2. I have never known him to be angry. 3. Have you read “Gulliver’s Travels?” 4. Mr. Peter has been to USA.

b) To express completed activities in the immediate past (with just, just now)

Eg: 1. He has just gone out.

2. Ravi has just had his dinner. 3. The train has just arrived. 4. They have come just now.

c) With the adverbs like, already, till now, yet, so far, just, today, this week, ever, never etc.

3. Have you ever seen a lion?

Note: In Present Perfect Tense, We use ‘has’ if the subject is third person, singular (such

as he, she, it or any singular nouns) and ‘have’ for all other subjects. Eg: 1. Sona has danced well.

2. You have crossed all your limits.

4. Present Perfect Continuous. [Sub + have/has + been + V1 + ing]

Sub have/has Been V1 + ing I We You He/She/It They Manoj have have have has have has been been been been been been studying studying studying studying studying studying Uses:

a) To express an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing. Eg: 1. He has been sleeping for three hours.

2. They have been building a bridge for several months. 3. You have been playing since morning.

4. I have been working here since 1998.

b) With the phrases like for and since.

Eg: 1. It has been raining since yesterday. 2. They have been waiting for three hours.

3. Maria has been learning English for two years.

Note: In Present Perfect Continuous Tense, We use ‘for’ to indicate a period of time and

‘since’, to indicate a point of time.