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Stanzas 10, 11 and 72. — To the Moon got from the Parahita system of calculation, 24 minutes should be added. To this the following figures — 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 1 — should be applied for every 10 days, negative from 10th day of Virgo to 10th day of Sagittarius and from 10th day of Pisces to the 10th day of Gemini; so also positive from 10th day of Sagittarius to 10th day of Pisces and from 10th day of Gemini to 10th day of Virgo. This will be the Drik Ganita Moon. In the Kollam Era 825, it was the view that 24 minutes should be added to the Moon-Following has been stated in the work called Kanthabharana regarding bringing out the correct Drik Moon.

Stanza 13. — Find out the asus with the help of the function got by adding the precession relative to the Kollam year to the Sun's position for the instant. Multiply this by 17 and divide the product by 12. This will be negative or positive according to the Bhuja or Koti position of the Sayana Sun. Then 145 divided by 509 converted into minutes added to the Parahita Moon will make it equal to the Drik Chandra.

NOTES

In stanzas 10 to 13, the author gives the methods for calculating Chandra Sphuta on the basis of Parahita, a system of calculation that was in vogue in Kerala.

Though it is not necessary for the reader to bother himself with this method, I have given some clarifications based on the commentary of Sri Punasseri Nambi Neelakantha Sarma.

The word am has not been specific. Perhaps it is charasu. While finding out the Lagna, the word ' nadika ' includes 'vinadika' also. To find out the time from the sunrise to the required instant, a method is indicated which makes use of the knowledge of the length of the shadow.

From chaya to angula it is the rule of three ; measure is by difference in inches. 60 vinadikas is the effect. The adjoining vakya is subtracted from the observed shadow and this gives the starting point. As for the vakya, it begins with simha jugate dinape and is given in Jyotishastra Subodhini. When the Sun is at the end of a sign, the process becomes intricate and for places where it is difficult to calculate, these have already been laid down. Therefore, these vakyas have to be framed according to the times and places. Even the method of proportion is only approximate for the shadow decreases rapidly. When greater accuracy is required recourse has to be had to "computation of shadows". At other than junction points, the time arrived at from these can also be used. In any case, either according to the method indicated or by "shadow computation", the time past in the day has to be arrived at. For determining the portion yet to elapse in the sign occupied by the rising Sun, recourse has to be had only to the rule of three.

After subtracting the balance (of duration) of the sign at sunrise and the following signs (their duration) from the time of question, the portion elapsed in the rising sign is got. From the rule of three, the Lagnasphuta is got. Rasi durations and divisors vary with time and place, a fact which should always be kept in view.

The word 'Vira' represents 24. Kala secmathi sobhan-gaya by figure notation represents 1, 3, 4, etc., to apply to months from 10th day of Virgo and Pisces 10th day for every 10 days. For months from Virgo 10 to Sagittarius 10 and from Pisces 10 to Gemini 10 these figures should be deducted from the Parahita Moon. For the rest of the months, they should be added. According to Parahita Ganita while working out the duration of the day only the charaphala from the Sun's Bhuja is taken into account and not pranakalantara. But in Drik system, Pranakalantara also is taken into account. Therefore this new correction is intended to regularise this. In this context, it

may be said that this work was written at a time when the precession of equinoxes was about 20°. That is why the 10th day of Virgo and Pisces were taken. The work 'Arka' in notation refers to 10 and that was why the 10th day was taken. At present the precession is about 22° and as such the 8th day should be taken.

As explained above, the application of the constants, viz., 1, 3, 4, 5, etc. (vide stanzas 10 to 13) to Parahita Moon to convert it inco Drigganita Moon is related to the position of the Sun. Thus when the Sun occupies the following positions, the correction to be applied will be as follows : — Virgo 10° to Sagittarius 10° Virgo 10 to 20 ... 1 Negative ... 21 to 30 ... 3 Libra 1 to 10 ... 4 ... 11 to 20 ... 5 ... 21 to 30 ... 6 Scorpio 1 to 10 ... 5 ... 11 to 20 ... 4 ... 21 to 30 ... 3 Sagittarius 1 to 10 ... 1 Positive ... 11 to 20 ... 1 ... 21 to 30 ... 3 Capricorn 1 to 10 ... 4 ... 11 to 20 ... 5 ... 21 to 30 ... 6 Aquarius 1 to 10 ... 5 ... 11 to 20 ... 4 ... 21 to 30 ... 3 Pisces 1 to 10 ... 1 ... 11 to 20 ... 3 Negative ... 21 to 30 ... 4 Aries 0 to 10 ... 5 ... 10 to 20 ... 6 ... 21 to 30 ... 5 Taurus 0 to 10 ... 4 ... 10 to 20 ... 3 ... 21 to 30 ... 1 Gemini 0 to 10 ... 1 Gemini 11 to 20 ... 3 Positive ... 21 to 30 ... 4 Cancer 1 to 10 ... 5 ... 11 to 20 ... 6 ... 21 to 30 ... 5 Leo 1 to 10 ... 4 ... 11 to 20 ... 3 ... 21 to 30 ... 1 Virgo 0 to 10 ... 3

and the Sun is in 25° Leo which means the 25th day of the solar month Leo.

Adding 24 minutes to 24°30' we get 24°54'. The Sun is in 25° of Leo. The solar date is 25th of Leo. From the table given above, when the Sun is in 20°30' Leo, the value to be added is 1. Therefore 24°54' + 1' gives the Drigganita Moon as 24°55'.

The word stungo represents 74 and by about 74 years the precession amounts to 1°. Even this is approximate. This difference will be clear from the disparity in the mean longitude of the Moon in the Drik and Parahita systems which can be detected as real or otherwise only by astronomers and astrologers.

Since accurate planetary positions based on correct observations (Drik) are now available, it is not necessary for a student of astrology t o bother himself with the methods here. These methods are now obsolete.