the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record."
40. Jawaban benar ialah pilihan C. "Halted" paling sesui dengan makna "curtailed." 41. Jawaban yang benar yaitu pilihan B (The time between games). Bisa diketahui dari kalimat pertama paragraf 2 "The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C." Questions 11 through 18 are based on the following passage.
In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs, and politics, the Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass thorough the fifty-mile canal zone instead of travelling some seven thousand miles around Cape Horn. It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one tenth of what it would cost an average ship to round the Horn. More than fifteen thousand ships pass through its locks each year.
The French initiated the project but sold their rights to the United States, which actually began the construction of the project. The latter will control it until the end of the
twentieth century when Panama takes its duties.
11. Who currently controls the Panama Canal?
A. France B. United States C. Panama D. Canal Zone 12. The word ‘locks’ in line 6 is closest in meaning to
A. Securities B. latches C. lakes D. canal gates
13. On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn? A. $1,500 B. $15,000 C. $150,000 D. $1,500,000
14. In what year was construction begun on the canal? A. 1881 B. 1920 C. 1939 D. 1999 15. It can be inferred from this passage that
A. The canal is costly project which should be reevaluated B. Despite all the problems involved, the project is beneficial
C. Many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive
D. Problems have made it necessary for these governments to control the canal over the years
16. In line 2, the word ‘linking’ is closest in meaning to
A. Controlling B. dispersing C. detaching D. joining 17. In paragraph 2, ‘initiated’ is nearest in meaning to
A. Purchased B. Launched C. forfeited D. forced 8. All of the following are true EXCEPT
A. it cost so much to pass through the locks because very few ships use them B. the United State received the rights to the canal from the French
C. ship can pass through the canal in only eight hours
D. passing through the canal saves thousands of miles of travel time around Cape Horn. Pembahasan SOAL TOEFL Reading
11. Soal ini mempertanyakan siapa yang mengontrol Panamal Canal untuk sekarang saat ini. Hal ini dibahas pada paragraf dua, pada kalimat: The latter will control it until the end of the twentieth century .... Kata the latter merujuk kepada subject "united states." Jadi jawaban yang tepat yaitu jawaban B (united States). Anda perlu mengetahui terkait kata the latter. Pasangan kata the latter yaitu the former. The latter bermkana the second sementara teh former bermakna the first. Dalam paragraf dua kita lihat bahwa ada dua subjek yang disebutkan di awal kalimat yaitu the french dan the uinted stated. Jadi the former mengarah ke the french sementara the latter mengarah ke the united states. 12. Lock bisa bermakna pintu jadi dalam kalimat ini yang dikatkan sebagai pintu yaitu canal gates.
13. Paragraf pertama pada reading di atas menjelaskan bahwa untuk complete the trip through the canal menghabiskan biaya sebanyak fifteen thousand dollars ($15, 000) dan untuk trip hanya di Horn berbiaya one tenth (1/10) dari biaya untuk complete the trip through the canal ($15, 000).$15, 000 X 1/10 = $1, 500. Jadi jawaban yang benar yaitu jawaban A ($1, 500).
14. Soal ini menanyakan kapan dimulainya pembangunan canal yang dimkasud dalam bacaan. Kita lihat bahwa canal itu resmi dibuka pada tahun 1920 stelah 39 tahun lamanya. Jadi 1920-39 = 1881. Jawaban yang benar yaitu jawaban A 1881.
15. Di antara pilihan jawaban, hanya pilihan jawaban B yang agaks sesuai dengan bacaan.
16. Linking merupakan sinonim dari joining. 17. Initiated bermakna commenced / launched.
18. Pilihan jawaban yang tidak sesuai bacaan yaitu jawaban A. Jawaban A mengatakan bahwa very few use them (locks). Very few bermkana jampir tidak ada atau sangat sedikit .Sementara pada bacaa menagtakan bahwa fifteen thousan ships melewati locks. (1) Hot boning is an energy-saving technique for the meat processing industry. It has received significant attention in recent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with muscle. It (5) is also
necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass chillers.
Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2 (10) percent to 4 percent due to evaporation of moisture the meat tissue.
Early excision, or hot boning , of muscle prerigor followed be vacuum packaging has several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and cost are minimized, boning labor is decreased, and storage yields increased. Because hot boning often result in the toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning following electrical stimulation, has been (15) used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis.
Some researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation.
1. The word "accentuated" in the line 2 is closest in meaning to. (A) de-emphasized
(B) speeded up (C) caused (D) highlighted.
2. All of the following are mentioned as drawbacks of the conventional method of boning EXCEPT
(A) Storage space requirements (B) Energy waste
(C) Loss of carcass weight (D) Toughness of meat
3. In the line 2, the word "pressure" is closest in meaning to (A) urgency
(B) weight (C) flavor
(D) cooking texture
4. Hot boning is becoming very popular because (A) it causes meat to be very tender
(B) it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methods (C) meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat (D) it reduces the weight of the carcass
(A) a refrigerator for the animal body (B) a method of boning meat
(C) electrical stimulation of beef (D) early excision
6. In the line 11, "early excision" is closest in meaning to (A) vacuum packaging
(B) hot boning (C) carcass chilling (D) electrical stimulation
7. The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by (A) following hot boning with electrical stimulation
(B) tenderizing the meat
(C) using electrical stimulation before hot boning (D) removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor 8. The word "bovine" in line 3 is nearest in meaning to (A) cold
(B) electrically stimulated (C) beef
(D) pork
9. The word "this" in line 16 refers to (A) hot boning
(B) hot boning following electrical stimulation (C) rigor mortis
(D) removing edible muscle and fat prerigor
10. In line 3, the word "carcass" is closest in meaning to (A) deboned meat
(B) body (C) refrigerator (D) fat
11. The word "considerable" in line 4 is closest in meaning to (A) frigid
(B) kind (C) lesser (D) substantial
12. One reason it is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that (A) it makes the meat more tender
(B) the bones are able to be used for other purposes (C) it increases chilling time
(D) it saves cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded 13. The word "trimmable in line 4 is nearest in meaning to
(A) unsaturated (B) removable (C) unhealthy (D) chillable
Pembahasan Jawaban test TOEFL
1. Jawaban yang benar yaitu pilihan D. Kalimat itu mengindikasikan bahwa
kebutuhan untuk memelihara energy sudah semakin highlighted (jelas/terbuka). 2. Jawaban yang sesuai yaitu D. Yang dipertanyakan oleh soal yaitu terkait apa yang TIDAK menjadi drawback dari conventional method. Kita lihat dari pilihan
jawaban kita lihat bahwa pilihan D Toughness of meat merupakan drawback dari hot boning (metode pengganti conventional method). Sementara pilihan lain A, B, dan C merupakan drawback dari conventional method.
3. (A) kalimat di atas mengindikasikan bahwa ada urgency dalam memelihara energy.
14. Soal bagian ini mempertanyakan terkait alasan metode Hot Boning menajadi sangat popular pada saat ini. Itu berarti hal yang mesti kita pilih terkait kelebihan yang dipunyai oleh Hot Boning . Kelebihan yang mana menutupi kekurangand ari metode conventional. Yang sangat sesuai akan kelebihan dari metode Hot Boning pada pilihan jawaban yatitu pilihan B.
5. (A) Jika Anda mengetahui bahwa carcass meruapakan sinonim dari body dan to chill sinonim dari to cool maka akan lebih cepat. Tapi tanpa mengetahui arti kata secara pasti pun, Anda tetap bias mengetahui sinonim dari kata carcass chiller hanya dengan membaca teks. Anda bisa melihat bahwa objeck yang dibacarakan dalam bacaan terkait meat. Dan carcass termasuk benda yang di cooling (lihat baris 5). Dan dari kata chiller, Anda bisa mengetahui bahwa chiller mengarah ke suatu alat dengan alasan penggunaan akhiran –er. Olehnya, Anda hanya perlu mencari jawaban yang menandakan suatu alat.
6. (B) Sangat jelas. Penggunaan kata or menandakan bahwa early excision merupakan kata lain dari hot boning. Jawabannya yaitu B.
7. Jawaban dari soal ini dapat Anda lihat pada paragraf ke tiga "Because hot boning often result in the toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis." Toughening of meat merupakan salah satu masalah dalam penggunaan metode hot boning. Masalah ini telah di -combatted dengan "hot boning following electrical stimulation" atau "following hot boning with electrical stimulation."
8. Bovine bermakna daging sapi. Jadi pilihan yang tepat yaitu C beef.
9. Menjawab soal TOEFL reading terkait referensi artikel termasuk hal yang mudah. Anda bisa melihat kalimat sebelum dari letak artikle yang dipertanyakan. Artikel this merupakan referensi kata dari hot boning.
10. Keseluruhan bacaan membahas tentang perlakuan pada body of dead animal yang mana disebut dengan sebutan carcass. Jawaban yang benar yaitu B.
11. Kata considerable memodifikasi kata amount (jumlah). Itu berarti makna considerable harus menjadi ukuran besar atau kecil. Considerable amount mesti bermakna jumlah yang besar atu mungkin jumlah yang kecil. Dari pilihan jawaban yang ada jawaban A dan D tidak sesuai dengan konteks ini. Sementara jawaban C (Lesser) juga tidak karena lesser menandakan adanya yang dibandingkan (masuk dalam kategori comparison). Semnetara dalam kalimat kita tidak melihat ada yang dibandingkan. Jadi jelas jawaban yang benar yaitu jawaban D.
12. Bacaan di atas menyatkan bahwa metode hot boning menghasilkan daging yang lebih kuat (tougher meat) jadi jawaban A jelas salah. Bacaan tidak
membahasa terkait penggunaan (purposes) dari bone jadi jawaban B juga jelas salah. Bagian C juga sangat jelas salah; meningkatkan waktu memasak
(menghabiskan waktu yang lebih lama) tentu saja bukan hal yang menguntungkan. Jadi jawaban yang benar yaitu jawaban D.
13. Trimmable berasal dari kata trim yang bermkana to cut atau to remove. Jadi jawaban yang benar adalah B.
3. The stone age was a period of history which began in approximately 2 million B.C and lasted until 3000 B.C. Its name was derived from the stone tools and weapons that modern scientists found. This period was divided into the Paleolithic,
Mesolithic, and Neolithic Ages. During the first period (2 million to 8000 B.C), the first hatchet and use of fire for heating and cooking were developed. As s result of the Ice Age, which evolved about I million years into the Paleolithic Age, people were forced to seek shelter in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools. During the Mesolithic Age (8000 to 6000 B.C.), people made crude pottery and the first fish hooks, took dogs hunting, and developed the bow and arrow, which were used until the fourteenth century A.D.
The Neolithic Age (6000 to 3000 B.C.) saw humankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle, being less nomadic than In previous eras, establishing permanent settlements, and creating governments.
1. Into how many periods was the stone age divided? A. 2
B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
2. In line 3, the word “derived”is closest in meaning to A. Originated
B. Destroyed C. Hallucinated D. Discussed
3. Which of the following was developed earliest? A. Fish hook
B. Hatchet
C. Bow and arrow D. Pottery
4. Which of the following developments is not related to the conditions of the Ice Age?
A. Farming B. Clothing C. Living indoors D. Using fire
5. The word “crude” in line 12 is closest in meaning to A. Extravagant
B. Complex C. Vulgar D. Primitive
6. The author states that the stone age was so named because A. It was very durable like stone
B. The tools and weapons were made of stone C. There was little vegetation
D. The people lived in stone caves
7. In line 17, “nomadic” is closest in meaning to A. Sedentary
B. Wandering C. Primitive D. Inquisitive
A. The Neolithic Age B. The Paleolithic Age C. The stone Age D. The Ice Age
9. Which of the following best describes the Mesolithic age? A. People were inventive
B. People stayed indoors all the time C. People were warriors
D. People were crude
10. In line 17, the word “eras” is closest in meaning to A. Families
B. Periods C. Herds D. Tools