1. GENERALIDADES
1.7 MARCO TEÓRICO
1.7.6 Comprobación de hipótesis
In my classroom, I use stories to keep my students engaged and entertained. Once I told my seventh-grade reading intervention class about a conversation I had with my eight-year-old daughter. The conversation between my daughter (Schyler) and I went something like this:
ME: “Babe, do you ever get tired when you are swimming out in the middle of the
pool?”
SCHYLER: “No.”
ME: “Well, if you did, what would you do? Would you yell for your teacher?”
(Long Pause.)
SCHYLER: “Mom, if you were out in the middle of an ocean and saw a shark what
would you do?”
ME: “Well, uh, I would use all of my strength to swim away.”
SCHYLER: “That's what I would do then; I would find it in me to make it to
safety.”
ME: “But, what happens if you cannot?”
SCHYLER: “Mom, you just have to. You have to dig deep inside of you, otherwise
you will not make it.”
Her particular remark has been a guiding post for me as a teacher and as an individual. What I have discovered is that when we dig deep, we uncover what has been unnoticed.It is my hope that this book transforms your way of thinking about your students. May this book be your guiding post to dig deep, to pause more, to listen deeply, so you can discover your students’ stories. May it affirm what you are currently doing in
your classroom practice and challenge or adjust your thinking to implement new approaches to teaching struggling readers. They need us to change their literacy story.
EPILOGUE
I am gathering papers left on tables. When I look up Ms. Brielle is in my classroom doorway.
“Hey! How was your morning?” I say tossing the papers in the recycling bin. Although, Ms. Brielle and I have only known each other for two years, we have become friends.
She slumps into a yellow chair and lets out a loud sigh.
“Guided reading.” She says, waving her arms in the air. I take a seat next to her.
“What’s going on?”
“It’s becoming stagnant. Even though I am working in a small group, it doesn’t seem as supportive as it could be. It feels like I am still doing too much whole group.”
“Can I share with you what I am doing for guided reading?” “Yes, please! I need something different.”
I share with Ms. Brielle, how I have setup my guided reading routine, which the majority of the time being spent with students independently reading. I explain my role in sitting next to each student working with them on the reading strategy they indicated they need help with. When she left my room, she was eager to implement the change to her guiding reading routine.
The following day, I am startled by Ms. Brielle’s booming voice, as she entered my classroom.
“Oh, my gosh! Oh, my gosh!”
“Yes! Switching to your routine made guided reading feel like I was actually supporting what my students needed. And I didn’t have any behaviors today! It worked. I just can’t believe it!”
References
Allington, R.L. (2005). What really matters for struggling readers: Designing research based programs (2nd ed.). New York: Longman.
Alvermann, D. E. (2001). Reading adolescents' reading identities: Looking back to see
ahead. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 44(8), 676-690.
Anderson, C. (2000). How’s It Going: A practical guide to conferring with student
writers. United States: Heinemann.
Archer, A. & Hughes, C. (2011). Explicit instruction: effective and efficient teaching. New York: Guilford Press.
Atwell, N. (1998). In the Middle: New understandings about writing, reading, and learning. United States: Heinemann.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
Psychological Review, 84 (2),191-215.
Beers, K. (2002). When Kids Can’t Read And What Teachers Can Do. United States:
Heinemann.
Beers, K., & Probst, R. (2017). Disruptive thinking: why how we read matters.
New York: Scholastic Teaching Resources.
Bishop, Sharon. (2004). The power of place. English Journal, 93 (6).
Bruner, J. S. (1978). The role of dialogue in language acquisition. In A. Sinclair, R., J.
Jarvelle, and W. J.M. Levelt (Eds.) The Child's Concept of Language. New York:
Springer-Verlag.
New Hampshire: Heinemann.
Calkins, L. (2000). The Art of Teaching Reading. United States: Pearson.
Cleary, B. (1965). Mouse on a motorcycle. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Christensen, L. (2009). Teaching for Joy and Justice. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Rethinking Schools.
Fernandez, A.L., & Lutz, C. (2015). Schooled - ordinary, extraordinary teaching in an age of change. New York: Teachers College Press.
Gallagher, K. (2015). In The Best Interest Of Students. Portland, Maine: Stenhouse.
Gottfried, A.E., Fleming, J.S, & Gottfried, A.E (2001). Continuity of academic intrinsic
motivation from childhood through late adolescence: A longitudinal
study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, (1), 3-13.
Harwayne, S. (2000). Lifetime Guarantees: Toward ambitious literacy teaching. United
States: Heinemann.
Jacobson, J. (2017). Paper things. Massachusetts: Candlewick Press.
Johnston, P. (2004). Choice words: How our language affects children’s learning. Portland, Maine: Stenhouse Publishers.
Kinney, J. (2016). Diary of a wimpy kid series collection. New York: Amulet Books. Latta, M., & Wunder, S., (2012). Placing practitioner knowledge at the center of teacher
education: Rethinking the policies and practices of the education doctorate. In M. Latta & S. Wunder (Ed.), Investing In the Formative Nature of Professional Learning: Redirecting, Mediating, and Generating Education Practice-as-Policy. (3-27). United States: Information Age Publishing.
Layne, Steven. (2009). Igniting A Passion For Reading: Successful strategies for
building lifetime readers. Portland, Maine: Stenhouse Publishers.
Martens, S. R. (2013). Writing into the world: Writing marathons for teaching writing,
place, and advocacy. DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
McKenna, M.C. & Stahl, S.A. (2003) Assessments for reading instruction. New York:
The Guilford Press.
Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering
and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1, 117–175.
Patton, D. (2004). Our plane is down. Toronto: H·I·P Books.
Pajares, F., & Graham, L. (1999). Self-Efficacy, Motivation Constructs, and Mathematics Performance of Entering Middle School Students. Contemporary Educational
Psychology 24, 124–139.
Park, B. (2001). Junie B. Jones’s First Box Set Ever! United States: Random House.
Robb, L. (2010). Teaching Middle School Writers. United States: Heinemann. Reynolds, J. (2017). Ghost. New York: Atheneum and Caitlyn Dlouhy Books.
Schmoker, M. (2013, June 4). The lost art of teaching soundly structured lessons.
Education Week Teacher. Retrieved from
https://www.edweek.org/tm/articles/2013/06/04/fp_schmoker_lessons.html. Schwartz, K. (2013, July 1). What teachers should be trained like actors. Mindset.
Retrieved from https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/29549/teaching-as-acting-a- performance-profession.
Serravallo, J. & Goldberg, G. (2007). Conferring with Readers. United States: Heinemann.
Spinelli, J. (1999). Maniac Magee. (2nd ed). New York: Little, Brown Books for Young Readers.
Sprick, R. (1998). Champs: A proactive and positive approach to classroom management. Colorado: Sopris West.
Stevenson, R. (2015). Treasure Island. London: Alma Classics.
Tovani, C. (2000). I Read It, But I Don't Get It: Comprehension strategies for adolescent
readers. Portland, Maine: Stenhouse Publishers.
Unrau, N., & Schlackman, J. (2006). Motivation and Its Relationship With Reading
Achievement in an Urban Middle School. The Journal of Educational Research,
100 (2), 81-101.
Vlach, S. & Burcie, J. (2010). Narratives of the Struggling Reader. The Reading Teacher,
63(6), pp. 522–525. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.63.6.10.
Wutz, J. & Wedwick, L. (2005). Scaffolding Book Selection for Independent
Reading. The Reading Teacher, 59(1), pp. 16-32.
Yamada, Kobi. (2013). What Do You Do With An Idea. Seattle, Washington:
Compendium, Incorporated.