Compuestos con mayoritariamente reparto en los sedimentos

Of the 100 women who were recruited to the pilot RCT, 15 women became pregnant during the follow-up period and had to withdraw from the study, leaving a sample of 85 women (see Figure 4). Of the remaining 85 women, 75 (88.2%, 95% CI 79% to 94%) remained in the trial by the 12-month follow-up, with group-specific retention rates of 36 out of 42 (85.7%, 95% CI 71% to 95%) women in the intervention group and 39 out of 43 (90.7%, 95% CI 78% to 97%) women in the active control group. When pregnancies (n= 15), withdrawals (n = 2) and loss to follow-up (n = 8) are considered together, 75% of the 100 women who were randomised completed the 12-month follow-up.

Two women withdrew from the study, one from each group, and both withdrew before the 3-month follow-up. One of these women withdrew because of dissatisfaction with the study procedures being followed, as her GP was informed she had scored> 9 on the EPDS. In line with our duty of care to participants, the participant information sheet informed participants that the information they provided would remain confidential ‘unless there is a serious risk of harm to you or others’ (see www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/programmes/phr/146720/#/; accessed 27 January 2020). Therefore, if a woman scored> 9 on the EPDS, we informed her GP of the result, making it clear in the letter that the EPDS was a screening questionnaire and was not diagnostic of postnatal depression. Women gave consent for their GP to be informed of any medical issues detected during study visits; elevated BP was given as an example (see www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/programmes/phr/146720/#/; accessed 27 January 2020). The trial procedures were reviewed when this participant withdrew from the study and, although the information sheet and consent form could not be amended as all women had been recruited, the procedure for informing a GP was amended to include sending a copy of the letter that was being sent to the GP (see www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/programmes/phr/146720/#/; accessed 27 January 2020) to the woman for her information, along with a copy of her consent form. No other complaints about this trial procedure were received; in fact, several women commented that they were grateful that the letter had been sent to their GP as it created an opportunity to have a conversation with their GP that they would not have initiated themselves. For a full RCT, the information sheet and consent form should be amended to make it clear to participants that their GP may be informed if there are concerns about physical or mental well-being. The second woman withdrew from the study as she reported having limited time to participate. Eight women were unable to be contacted for follow-up at 12 months. The attrition rates between the randomised groups were comparable [intervention: n= 6 (14.3% withdrew/lost to follow-up); active control: n= 4 (9.3% withdrew/lost to follow-up)]. A comparison was made of the summary demographic and baseline characteristics for women who completed the 12-month follow-up and those who did not (Table 13).

Women who completed the 12-month follow-up were broadly similar to non-completers in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. Women educated to below degree level were as likely to be retained as those educated to above degree level. However, a higher proportion of those who did not complete the 12-month follow-up were obese, first-time mothers and at a later stage postpartum at baseline than completers (80% vs. 51% obese, 70% vs. 37% first-time mothers and 60% vs. 35.4% between 12 and 24 months postpartum for completers and non-completers, respectively). One variable at baseline, self-reported weight before pregnancy, was missing for three participants who completed the 12-month follow-up; all other baseline variables had a 100% completion rate for completers and non-completers. Box 3 highlights the progression criteria related to retention and attrition rates.

Qualitative telephone interviews

Of the 100 women providing consent at baseline to take part in the pilot RCT, four declined to take part in the qualitative interviews. All women who had a 3-month visit and had consented to interviews were asked at their visit if they would still like to take part in a telephone interview. In total, 70 women (intervention: n= 35; active control: n = 35) out of 87 (80.5%) were interviewed at this time point.

TABLE 13 Demographics and baseline characteristics of women who completed and women who did not complete the 12-month follow-up assessments

Characteristic

Completed the 12-month follow-up Yes (N= 75) No (N= 10a₎

Age at baseline (years)

Mean (SD) 32.6 (4.2) 32.6 (5.3) Range 22–42 26–44 Ethnicity, n (%) White 74 (98.7) 10 (100) Other 1 (1.3) 0 (0) Employment status, n (%) Full time 41 (54.7) 6 (60.0) Part time 22 (29.3) 1 (10.0) Self-employed 4 (5.3) 1 (10.0) Unemployed 8 (10.7) 2 (20.0) Household income (£), n (%) < 14,999 3 (4.0) 1 (10.0) 15,000–29,999 17 (22.7) 3 (30.0) 30,000–49,999 29 (38.7) 4 (40.0) ≥ 50,000 26 (34.7) 2 (20.0) Education, n (%) Postgraduate degree 21 (28.0) 3 (30.0) Undergraduate degree 28 (37.3) 3 (30.0) Further education 18 (24.0) 3 (30.0) A levels 5 (6.7) 1 (10.0) O levels/GCSEs 2 (2.7) 0 (0) Primary school 1 (1.3) 0 (0) Marital status, n (%) Single 6 (8.0) 2 (20.0) Married/civil partnership 62 (82.6) 7 (70.0) Living with partner 7 (9.3) 1 (10.0) Body composition BMI (kg/m2₎ Median (IQR) 30.3 (27.6–33.1) 33.3 (30.0–35.7) Range 25.4–50.4 25.4–42.1 25.0–29.9 kg/m2_{(overweight), n (%) 37 (49.3) 2 (20.0)} > 30.0 kg/m2_{(obese), n (%) 38 (50.7) 8 (80.0)} Weight (kg) Median (IQR) 80.6 (74.8–90.4) 89.5 (71.8–93.4) Range 60.8–141.5 62.6–115.4 Waist circumference (cm), median (IQR) 102.6 (97.0–110.0) 107.7 (97.3–114.8) Self-reported pre-pregnancy weight (kg), median (IQR) 76.2 (68.9–86.4) 76.2 (60.3–90.0)

Seventeen women were not interviewed: 15 were unable to be contacted and two women declined when approached; one said she did not have sufficient telephone reception to take part and the other declined for an unknown reason. At 12 months, 37 women (intervention: n= 16; active control: n = 21), out of 75 (49.3%) completing the follow-up, were interviewed. An interview time had been arranged for a further 31 women, but contact at the arranged time was unsuccessful and remained unsuccessful after one more attempt was made to contact these women. In addition to the four women who were not approached as they had declined to take part at baseline, a further three women declined to take

TABLE 13 Demographics and baseline characteristics of women who completed and women who did not complete the 12-month follow-up assessments (continued )

Characteristic

Completed the 12-month follow-up Yes (N= 75) No (N= 10a₎ Current smoker, n (%) 4 (5.3) 1 (10.0) Consumes alcohol, n (%) 63 (84.0) 9 (90.0) Parity, n (%) One child 28 (37.3) 7 (70.0) Two children 25 (33.3) 1 (10.0) Three children 21 (28.0) 1 (10.0) Four children 1 (1.3) 1 (10.0) Postpartum opt-in time point at baseline (months postpartum), n (%)

< 6 39 (52.0) 3 (30.0)

6–12 17 (22.7) 1 (10.0)

12–18 8 (10.7) 2 (20.0)

18–24 11 (14.7) 4 (40.0)

A level, Advanced level; GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; IQR, interquartile range; O level, Ordinary level. a The non-completers population does not include the 15 women who were excluded due to pregnancy.

BOX 3 Progression criteria related to the retention and attrition rates

Progression criteria

Retention rate consistent with, or superior to, other weight loss interventions in overweight/obese postpartum women (≥ 65% in the intervention group; ≥ 60% in the active control group)

The retention rates of participants in both groups exceeded 80% at each follow-up time point, leading to a retention rate of 85.7% of women in the intervention group and 90.7% of women in the active control group at final follow-up.

Less than 20% differential attrition between the intervention and active control groups

The attrition rates between the randomised groups were comparable (intervention: 14.3% withdrew/lost to follow-up; active control: 9.3% withdrew/lost to follow-up).

part when approached at 12 months. Two of these women declined because of the length of the previous interview and the third woman felt that she had no new information to add.

The baseline demographics and characteristics of the women who took part in the interviews at 3 and 12 months have been summarised (see Appendix 6, Table 26, and Appendix 7, Table 27).

At both interview time points, the participants who were interviewed provided a good representation across all demographics and anthropometric categories relative to the characteristics of the overall sample. The women who were interviewed included both high engagers and low engagers with the weight reply messages and the ‘yes/no’ reply messages. Self-reported weight before pregnancy was missing for four women interviewed at 3 months; there were no other missing baseline variables for this study sample.

At 3 months, the duration of most interviews was between 10 and 20 minutes for control participants and between 15 and 30 minutes for intervention participants. At 12 months, interview duration ranged from 8 to 15 minutes for control participants and from 10 to 30 minutes for intervention participants.