El concepto CNS/ATM de la OACI

The results drawn from this study should be interpreted with the limitations in mind. The most challenging limitation was the sample-size of the study. In order to gain more exact results, the sample-size should have been larger, perhaps more youth groups that have received finance from YEDF spread across the country should be sampled. The current sample was based in Nairobi and yet the scope area benefits from improved communication infrastructure and because the head office of the YEDF is based in the city, the problems that the youth groups face in accessing the funding might be different from those of the other groups outside Nairobi. Therefore, the result findings cannot be generalized to apply to all other areas outside the Nairobi County. A more representative result can be obtained if the study is extended to cover other parts of the country.

Another limitation is that as with other research that uses questionnaire as the instrument to collect data, there may be a problem of social desirability. Some respondents may have the tendency to exaggerate or provide responses deemed to be desirable by others, instead of giving honest responses. Finally, whereas it was desirable to gather actual growth data of the enterprises, the respondents were either unwilling or unable to provide the information. The data gathered on growth is therefore based on the respondents’ perceptions of growth rather than actual growth data. In addition it was not possible to collect data from the secretariat to draw on their perspective of the Fund’s success, owing to the on-going governance problems at the Fund. Despite these challenges, however, it is expected that this study will contribute to the debate on the role of the youth fund in promoting enterprise growth.

37

REFERENCES

African Development Bank Group (2013). The State of Kenya’s Private Sector. Tunis: The Knowledge & Information Center (KVRC).

Barney, J., Wright, M., Agarwal, R. & Lumpkin, G. T. (2013). Entrepreneurship and emerging economies. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(4), 133-145.

Bowen, M. (2009). Management of business challenges among small and micro enterprises in Nairobi-Kenya. KCA Journal of Business Management, 2, 1.

Carpio, D. T. (2008). Financing micro, small, and medium enterprises: an independent

evaluation of IFC's experience with financial intermediaries in frontier countries.

Washington, D.C.: International Finance Corp.

Cooper, D. R. & Schindler, P. S. (2008). Business Research Methods. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Ellis, A. (2007). Gender and economic growth in Kenya: unleashing the power of women.

Washington, DC: World Bank.

Ghoshal, M. (2013). Issues & challenges of quality management faced by MSMEs. . Norderstedt: Grin Verlag.

Haines, G. H., Madill, J. J. & Riding, A. L. (2003). Informal investment in Canada: Financing small business growth. Journal of small business & entrepreneurship, 16 (3/4), 13-41. Hope, K. R. (2012). The political economy of development in Kenya. New York: Continuum

International Publishing.

Iarossi, G. (2009). An assessment of the investment climate in Kenya. Washington, DC: World Bank.

38

Information Resources Management Association. (2013). Small and medium enterprises:

concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications. Hershey, PA: Business Science

Reference.

International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2013). SME Debt Financing in Emerging Markets. Geneva: IFC.

International Labor Organization (ILO). (2013). Global Employment Trends. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/lang--en/index.htm Accessed on [15.01.2016]

Jerinabi, U. & Santhi, P. (2012). Creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Kanyari, J. W. & Namusonge, G. S. (2013). Factors that influence the Kenyan youth entrepreneurs towards the youth enterprise development fund: A case study of Gatundu South District, Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(5), 22-33. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). (2010). Data Releases. Nairobi: KNBS. Kenya Revenue Authority (2007). SME Conference. Nairobi: KRA.

Kiraka, R., Kobia, M. &Katwalo, A.M. (2013). Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Growth

and Innovation in Kenya: A case study on the Women Enterprise Fund. Dakar: ICBE-RF

Research Report No. 47/13,.

Kirby, A.D. (2003). Entrepreneurship. London: McGraw Hill.

Kirzner, I. (2003). Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kothari, C.R. (2003). Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques, second edition. New Dehli: WishwaPrakashan Publishers.

Kropf, N. P. & Greene, R. R. (2011). Competence: theoretical frameworks. New Brunswick, N.J.: Aldine Transaction.

Miles, M. B. & Huberman, M. (2004). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Momanyi, F. (2013). The Role of Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) in Job Creation: A Case of Dagoretti Constituency, Nairobi County, Kenya. Research Journal of Finance

39

Moyi, E. D. (2013). Credit and employment growth among small enterprises in Kenya.

International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 2(3), 69-76.

Mugenda, O.M. & Mugenda, A.G. (2003). Research Methods; Quantitative and Qualitative

Approaches. Acts

Njogu, K. (2013). Youth and peaceful elections in Kenya. Nairobi: Twaweza Communications. Oduol, S. O. et al. (2013). Effect of the Youth Enterprise Development Fund on Youth

Enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 2(1), 111-116.

Omondi, P. (2013). Youth Enterprise: Inhibiting Factors and Opportunities. Nairobi: Africa Data and Information Network.

Pooja, K. (2009). Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Msme's, in the Indian Economy

Business Development Strategies. New Delhi, India : New Century Pub.

Rathakrishnan, L. (2009). Small and medium enterprises under globalisation: challenges and

opportunities. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications.

Shariff, N.R. (2008). Youth Livelihood Choices and Constraints in Sub-Saharan Africa: A

Gender Perspective. Ottawa: IDRC.

Shane, S. & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research.

Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-26.

Schumpeter, J. (2002). The Theory of Economic Development, 8th edition. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press.

Schoof, U. (2006). Stimulating Youth Entrepreneurship: Barriers and Incentives to Enterprise

Start Ups By Young People. London: International Labour Organization.

Spence, L. J. &Rutherfoord, R. (2001). Social responsibility, profit maximization and small firm owner-manager. Small Business and Enterprise Development, 8(2), 126-139.

Stevenson, L. & St. Onge, A. (2005). Support for growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in

Kenya. Geneva: International Labour Office.

Szerb, L., Aidis, R. &Acs, Z. J. (2013). The Comparison of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index Methodologies. Foundations and trends in entrepreneurship, 9(1), 234-245.

40

Tencati, A., Perrini, F. &Pogutz, S. (2004). New tools to foster corporate socially responsible behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1-2), 173-190.

The Ministry of Devolution and Planning (2013). Second Medium Term Plan, 2013-2017. Nairobi: Government of the Republic of Kenya.

The National Council of Law Reporting (2012). Micro and Small Enterprises Act. Retrieved from

ttp://www.kenyalaw.org:8181/exist/kenyalex/actview.xql?actid=No.%2055%20of%2020 12. Accessed on [15.01.2016]

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD. Policy Actions for

Youth Entrepreneurship. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/OECDLEED/0-john-

cbs-2014-youth-presentation-potter-draft-rev1. Accessed on ... [10.01.2016]

The Prince’s Charities (2011). The Prince’s Youth Business International. Retrieved from

www.youthbusiness.org. Accessed on… [15.01.2016]

The United Nations (2014). World Youth Report 2013. Retrieved from http://undesadspd.org/WorldYouthReport/2013.aspx. Accessed on [10.01.2016]

United Nations (2007). World Youths Report 2007: Youth Peoples Transition to Adulthood, Progress and Challenges. New York: UN.

Yin, R. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. London: Sage Publications.

Yoshino, Y. (2011). Industrial clusters and micro and small enterprises in Africa: from survival

to growth. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) (2014). About YEDF. Retrieved from http://www.youthfund.go.ke/index.php/about-us/about-yedf. Accessed on [10.01.2016] Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) (2012). Status Report (2007-2012). Nairobi:

42

43

APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRE

My name is Agnes, a student at the Strathmore Business School. I am carrying a research on “An analysis of the perceptions of the role of youth enterprise development fund in fostering the growth of youth enterprises”. You have been chosen as one of the respondents to the questions below towards the establishment of the research objective. Please give answers in the spaces provided and tick ( ) in the box that matches your response to the questions where applicable.

SECTION A: BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Name of the youth enterprise (optional)………..

2. How long has your group been in operation in Kenya?

a) Less than 3 years ( ) b) 3 – 5 years ( ) c) 5 – 7 years ( ) d) 7 – 10 years ( ) d) Over 10 years ( )

3. How many members are there in your group?

a) Up to 5 ( ) b) 6 – 10 ( ) c. 11 – 15 ( ) d) 16 – 20 ( ) e) Over 25 ( )

4. How much credit have you received from YEDF?

a) Less than 100,00 ( ) b) 100,000 – 500,000 ( ) b) 500,000 – 1 Million ( ) d) Over 1 Million ( )

44

Section B: Complementary Services

5. To what extent do you agree with the following statements relating to complementary services? Rate where 1 - strongly disagree; 2-disagree; 3-neither agree nor disagree; and 4-agree; 5 - strongly agree.

Complementary Services 1 2 3 4 5

The group has been provided with commercial infrastructure Marketing support has been provided by YEDF

Group members have been trained on how to package their products and services

YEDF has enabled the groups to know their customer needs YEDF has linked the group to both local and international potential customers

YEDF has taught the group how to attract and retain customers

Group members have been trained and assisted to develop business plans The group has been taught the need to keep proper business records

Compliance with labour laws and other regulations has been achieved through YEDF

Section C: Access to Finance

6. To what extent do you agree with the following statements relating to access to finance? Rate where 1 - strongly disagree; 2-disagree; 3-neither agree nor disagree; and 4-agree; 5 - strongly agree.

Access to Finance 1 2 3 4 5

It is easy to access government funding for businesses growth Receiving a loan from YEDF is easy

YEDF gives enough information on the terms of the loan

The YEDF has created employment for the youth through easy access to finance

Access to capital exposes our group to better business opportunities

Section D: Growth of Youth Enterprise

7. To what extent do you agree with the following statements relating to the growth of youth groups? Rate where 1 - strongly disagree; 2-disagree; 3-neither agree nor disagree; and 4-agree; 5 - strongly agree.

45

Growth of Youth Enterprise 1 2 3 4 5

Increased sales

Expansion of business operations

Youth are able to pay back the loan from business income comfortably Increase in profits

New product introduction Cost reduction

Reduced risks

SECTION E: CHALLENGES IN ACCESSING YEDF

8. To what extent do you agree with the following as challenges hindering access to YEDF? Rate where 1 - strongly disagree; 2-disagree; 3-neither agree nor disagree; and 4-agree; 5 - strongly agree.

Challenges 1 2 3 4 5

Bureaucratic tendencies in processing the loans Corruption

Extensive registration services Lack of support services

Extended loan disbursement periods Collateral required to access the funds

Need to possess documents required for processing such as business proposal

9. What do you think can be done to enhance the YEDF in supporting youth enterprises? a) Enhance its promotion

b) Reduce the loan disbursement period c) Reduce strict bureaucracies

d) Enhance complementary services such as marketing training e) Eliminate corruption

f) Other ……….