Concepto Operativo

MA candidate Alexandru Orban e-mail [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This article illustrates the difficulties that Romania had to endure in order to become a member of the European Union, also the programs and methods that were applied during that time.

It also details the challenges each program presented and what modifications they brought in the field of agriculture.

These new programs that Romania accepted brought many changes with the common agricultural policy (CAP) witch transformed Romanian agriculture.

The changes made were in efficiency of production, competitiveness on the market and better management of our resources.

The objectives that Romania wanted to achieve in agriculture were the support vegetable and livestock sectors as well as those for irrigation.

Keywords: Agriculture, CEFTA, ISPA, SAPART, PHARE.

INTRODUCTION ABOUT EUROPEAN UNION

On 7 February 1992 the European Union was officially formed on the basis of the Maastricht treaty and 12 states50 signed in order to strengthen economic, social and political and to reduce differences across member states. Treaty entered into force on 1 November 1993.

The purpose of this treaty was to unite the people of Europe by economic, social and political relations.

The EU admits that the organization is open to all European States which wished to integrate and fulfill the political, economic and social set in 1993.

After 1990 they increased training efforts of former communist countries and the Nordic countries separated from the USSR for membership in the European Union.

COMMON AGRICULTURE POLICY (CAP)

CAP is generally a set of mechanisms and rules necessary to regulate the production, processing and marketing of agricultural products in the EU and help rural

development.

CAP is one of the first common policies and due to its distinct features they are of particular importance. The special features of this policy are:

- large consumers of financial resources; - is an integration policy;

- is very vulnerable to pressure from farmers.

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France, Germany, Italy, Netherland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, Portugal

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Romania's relations with the EU were conducted during four distinct periods, successive and increasing intensity, when our country was in the status of:

1) Third country for up to 31 December 1994 when the run must address distinct events of December 1989 and the period immediately following the collapse of communism. Throughout the communist period, Romania's political and economic relations with the EU were insignificant as occurred in accordance with the doctrine of command economy and the limitations and restrictions resulting from obligations assumed by our country in trade agreements that were held under the umbrella of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CAER51).

Remember attention in 1980, when he took the first step in Romania's relations with the European Community52 by signing a trade agreement for industrial products. This political action had special significance because Romania recognizes the West European integration process and in domestic public opinion to inculcate the idea that totalitarian regime enjoys legitimacy against the West.

Because of the acute stage of economic crisis and worsening of the dictatorial regime in Romania, in the 80s, the Community unilaterally decides to cancel this agreement. After 1990, in Romania it triggers a powerful imbalance both political and economic terms that has led to the initiation and intensification of new relationships with most democratic states, especially those in the EU.

In turn, EU, based on the concept of open structure, the option favored and encouraged European countries recently cut from communist to weaken relations with the Soviet authorities in Moscow, which was on the brink of collapse, and to move towards European integration. In fact, Article 237 of the Treaty of Rome, which provisions were taken in other laws stated that any European state may apply to become an EU member.

There were concrete activities on both sides, extremely significant. Thus, in 1990, Romania and the European Union recognize each other and our country opens first embassy to the Communities. A year later, are negotiated, signed and enter into force the Agreement of Trade and Commercial and Economic Cooperation.

2) Romania gained the status of associated country, between 1995-1999, and followed the entry into force of the Treaty of association.

The concrete form is entitled "Europe Agreement establishing an association between Romania, on one hand, and the European Communities and their Member States, on the other hand" and is subject to law number 20/1993, published in Official Gazette number 37/12 April 1993.

It is worth mentioning that negotiations on this agreement began in May 1992 and took place over six rounds of meetings that were completed on November 17, 1992.

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It was created at the initiative of the Soviet Union, in 1949, with a mision to boost trade between the countries of the Eastern bloc

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Romania signed the act on February 1, 1993 but its applicability occurred after two years, with ratification by the parliaments of all member states including the EU parliament.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forests, developed strategic programs which had two directions:

- First, target preparation for EU agriculture

- Second, following preparation of transposition in Romanian agriculture (CAP). Regarding preparation for EU agriculture, emphasis should be placed on: Going organizational reform efforts that aimed at establishing effective agricultural farms are large and producing viable commodity for domestic and foreign.

Establishment of cooperative associations and professional organizations were made to support farmers in the efficient management actions on agricultural markets, and also to assist their social and economic protection.

Elaboration and implementation of priority programs were designed to support vegetable and livestock sectors as well as those for irrigation. The most important component stocks of the objectives were:

- Creating a culture structures that allow efficient use of production conditions; - Improving efficient operation mechanism food markets;

- Increased production of industrial crops and organic;

- Intensify efforts to develop animal husbandry should become the priority of agriculture;

- Recovery fruit growing, viticulture, vegetable and floriculture;

- Improvement and continuous improvement methods and procedures to prevent and control diseases and pests in order to increase the crop production and animal. Continued investment program for expanding irrigation, agricultural and forest land erosion, prevent flooding, increasing technical equipment and farms, increased efforts to expand the network of forest roads.

Reorganization of scientific research for adaptation to the new conditions of U.E. membership, witch means:

Intensification of technical cooperation, economic, scientific and educational line of agricultural and veterinary medicine;

Active involvement of research institutes and resorts in supporting agricultural producer;

Finalizing the legal and institutional framework for research, agricultural education and professional training.

Romania, AN EU MEMBER COUNTRY DURING 2008 - 2011 FINANCIAL PACKAGE FOR ROMANIA

The "financial package" meant all financial and budgetary implications of the accession negotiations for Chapter 7 - "Agricultural", 21 - "Regional policy and coordination of structural instruments" and 29 - "Financial and Budgetary Provisions".

The U.E. budget is the instrument through which EU funding programs and actions to achieve its common policies. Given that many EU projects and activities conducted for more than 1 year to ensure financial discipline and financial resources available employment in the medium term is used "financial perspective". This involves defining

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in advance the budget priorities for the next period (usually seven years) and the ceiling of EU expenditure in this period, which may not exceed 1.24% of EU GDP, according to current methodologies.

Agenda 2000 originally anticipated expansion costs 6 states 42.6 billion in commitments 2004-2006 (Estonia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovenia, Cyprus

− Group Luxembourg − negotiations were opened with them in December 1997). It introduced the concept of "ring fence", meaning that they could be transferred amounts provided for those 15 and associated costs and vice versa.

Seville European Council − June 2002 − confirms closure of negotiations with 10 countries, while the costs of joining the 10 states were maintained within the ceiling set by Agenda 2000 (42.6 billion euros).

AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is envisaged as the other 10 states, the gradual introduction of direct payments over a period of 10 years from the 25% level of direct payments allocated to the 15 Member States in 2007.

The amount proposed for direct payments for Romania three years is 881milioane euro. These amounts do not require co-financing from the national budget. Amount paid for market measures worth EUR 732 million does not require co-financing. The amounts will be awarded starting in 2007, proportionally each year. Finance measures contained in Pillar I of the CAP prices, export subsidies, storage. Is a cash flow to be divided phasing-in; for the three years.

The amount for rural development is EUR 2.424 million in the three-year commitments. Co-financing from the state budget is 25%. According to the methodology for granting such funds, amounts committed to be spent in year n to year n 2. For example, amounts committed in 2009 will be spent during the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. Finance measures in the second pillar of the CAP: early retirement, farming, attracting young people in rural areas, agro-tourism and services.

The proposal for the new financial perspective

On 17 December 2005 at the Brussels Summit, the 25 EU Member States have adopted the EU budget.

For Romania, the EU budget completion of a priority to reduce economic and social disparities between the EU and poor areas.

CONCLUSIONS:

Romania had to face many difficulties to be accepted as a member of the European Union, but the fight is not over.

With the acceptance of Romania into the European Union we have been granted access to the European Funds and other resources that can help Romanian agriculture to grow. The struggle to attract funds and foreign investors continue.

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REFERENCES:

f Popescu Gabriel (1999), Politici agricole, Acorduri Europene, Ed. Economică, Bucureşti

f Delegaţia Comisiei Europene în România, www.infoeuropa.ro

f Informaţii generale, www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm

f Direcţia Generală pentru Agricultură a Comisiei Europene, www.europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/index_en.htm

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