4 EQUIDISTRIBUCION Y SISTEMAS DE ACTUACIÓN.
C.- CONCEPTO Y CARACTERISTICAS DEL SISTEMA DE COMPENSACION
Future research can further identify the role of the policy entrepreneur, Mr. Ahmet Davutoğlu, who was the Foreign Minister when the Soma disaster happened. While writing this thesis, it was hard for me to identify the activities of Mr. Davutoğlu in the problem stream and the policy stream, due to a lack of documents and reports concerning the times when he was present in the general parliamentary sessions or the council meetings on occupational health and safety. There was not much documentary evidence to depict his role in the problem definition and the policy making stage, which was a problem for this thesis. A lot of data that could help me to figure out his role in the policy-making and problem identifying stages were missing.
My future research suggestion consists of interviews with more government officials inside the AKP cabinet, and other governmental officials, to learn Mr. Davutoğlu’s specific activities and investments inside the policy making process and problem definition era, which are the two main components of Kingdon’s (1995) MSF framework. Gathering more information about those stages will contribute to specify his role as a policy entrepreneur, and it will also help us to specify and elucidate how his actions influenced policy change after the Soma disaster.
Chapter 7
7.1 Tables and figuresTable 1:
Table 2:
7.2 References
Books & journal articles
Açımuz, B. & Ünal, C. (2015). Systematic violation of right to safe and healthy working conditions as a political choice: Soma mine disaster. Retrieved from https://racseanesc.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/dr-bige-ac3a7imuz-et-cenen-unal- systematic-violation-of-right-to-safe-and-healthy-working-conditions.pdf
Alp, G. (2012). Coal for energy independence. Mining Earth Sciences, 3 (2), 54–56. Amekudzi A. & Khayesi M. (2014). Kingdon’s multiple streams model and
automobile dependence reversal path: the case of Curitiba, Brazil. Journal of Transport Geography, 19 (2), 1547–1552.
Andaç, F. (2015). Occupational Health, Safety and Unionization in Mining Businesses. International Conference on Eurasian Economies, 4(2), 601-605. Artvinli, F. (2016). The ethics of occupational health and safety in Turkey: Responsibility and consent to risk. Acta Bioethica, 22 (1), 253-259.
Baumgartner, F. R. & Jones, B. D. (1991). Agenda Dynamics and Policy Subsystems.
The Journal of Politics, 53 (4), 1044-1074.
Bernard, H. R. (1988). Research Methods in Cultural Anthropology. Newbury Park, California: Sage.
Binderkrantz, A. (2005). Interest Group Strategies: Navigating Between Privileged Access and Strategies of Pressure. Political Studies, 53(4), 694–715.
Birkland, T, A. (1997). After Disaster: Agenda setting, public policy and focusing events. Washington DC, U.S.A., Georgetown University Press.
Birkland, T. A. (2009). Disasters, Lessons Learned, and Fantasy Documents. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 17(3), 146-156.
Black, N. (2001). Evidence based policy: proceed with care. British Medical Journal, 323 (7307), 275.
Cohen, M. D. & March, J. G, & Olsen, J. P. (1972). A garbage can model of organizational choice. Administrative science quarterly, 1-25.
Colebatch, H. (2014). Problems, policies and politics: making sense of Australia’s ‘ide epidemic’. Policy Studies, 35 (2), 147-171.
Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches.
Cünedioğlu, A. & Arslanhan, P. (2010). Madenlerde yasanan is kazaları üzerine bir degerlendirme. Maden Dergisi, 7-55.
Demirkol, S. & Ural, S. (2008). Evaluation of occupational safety and health in surface mines. Safety Science, 46 (6), 1016-1024.
Direskeneli, H. (2014). Soma should be the last disaster. The Journal of Turkish Weekly, (3), 12-16.
Düzgün, S. (2015). Soma eynez yeraltı ocağında meydana gelen patlamaya ilişkin bilgiler. Bilim Akademisi, 14 (1), 1-6.
Erimtan, C. (2014). The Soma Mine Disaster or Privatization Gone Wild in Turkey.
Russia Today, 1-6. Retrieved from https://www.transcend.org/tms/?p=42929 Etzioni, A. (1967). Mixed-scanning: A "third" approach to decision-making. Public administration review, 385-392.
Evyapan, F. (2015). Coal Mining in Turkey: State and Private Sector Interactions Subcontracting and Redevance. Turk Thorac, 16 (1), 1-4.
Farahani, J. V. (2014). Man-Made Major Hazards Like Earthquake or Explosion; Case Study, Turkish Mine Explosion. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 43 (10), 1444-1450.
Gerek, N. (2015). Yeraltı maden işletmelerinde çalışanlarla ilgili yeni düzeltmelerin düşündürdükleri. Kamu-iş, 14 (2), 1-27.
Gerring, J. (2004). What Is A Case Study and What Is It Good for. American Political Science Review, 98 (2), 341-354.
George, A. (2005). Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Görgün, T. (2015). Soma’da sendikal hareketin sıkıntıları. Disk dev dergisi, 22-25. Gündüz, Y. (2015). The “New Turkey”: Fetishizing Growth with Fatal Results.
Monthly Review, 67 (2), 1-33.
Gürhanlı, H. (2014). Mass murder in Soma mine, crony capitalism and fetish of growth. Politikasta. Retrieved from http://politiikasta.fi/mass-murder-in-soma-mine- crony-capitalism-and-fetish-of-growth-in-turkey/
Haas, P. M. (1992). Knowledge, power, and international policy coordination.
University of South Carolina Press.
Howlett, M. & Ramesh, A. (2009). Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles & Policy Subsystems. Oxford.
John, P. (2003). Is there life after policy streams, advocacy coalitions, and
punctuations: using evolutionary theory to explain policy change. The Policy Studies Journal, 31(4), 481- 498.
Johnson, C. (2005). Floods as Catalysts for Policy Change: Historical Lessons from England and Wales. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 21 (4), 561–75.
Kingdon, J. (1995). Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies (2nd ed.). New York. Kubiçek, P. (2011). The 2011 Elections and Prospects for Change in Turkey.
Mediterranean Politics, 16 (3), 443-448.
Larkin, P. (2012). John Kingdon's “Three Streams” Theory and the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. Journal of Law and Politics, 28 (25), 25-50. Lewis, J. M. (2005). Understanding policy influence and the public health agenda.
New South Wales Public Health Bulletin, 20 (7), 9-125.
Lieberman, J. (2002). Three Streams and Four-Policy Entrepreneurs Converge: A Policy Window Opens. Education and Urban Society, 34 (1), 430-438.
Lilford, R. J. & Braunholtz, D. (1996). The statistical basis of public policy: a paradigm shift is overdue. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 313 (7057), 597-603. Mintrom, M. & Norman, P. (2009). Policy entrepreneurship and policy change. The Policy Studies Journal, 37 (4), 1-15.
Monaghan, M. (2011). Evidence versus politics: exploiting research in UK drug policy making. Policy Press.
Müftüler-Baç, M. (2012). Turkey Under the AKP: The Era of Dominant-Party Politics. Journal of Democracy, 23 (1), 85-99.
Nutley, S. M. (2007). Using evidence: How research can inform public services. The Policy Press.
Öberg, P. (2011). Disrupted exchange and declining corporatism: Government authority and interest groups capability in Scandinavia. Government and Opposition, 46 (3), 365–391.
Özbudun, E. (2012). From Political Islam to Conservative Democracy: The Case of the Justice and Development Party in Turkey, South European Society and Politics, 11 (3), 543-557.
Pollitt, C. (2008). Time, Policy, Management: Governing with the Past: Governing with the Past. OUP Oxford.
Real-Dato, J. (2009). Mechanism of Policy Change: A Proposal for Synthetic Explanatory Framework. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 11 (1), 117-143.
Sabatier, P. A. (1988). The Advocacy Coalition framework of policy change and the role of policy oriented learning therein. Policy Sciences, 129-168.
Sabatier, P. A. (1993). Policy Change Over a Decade or More. Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Westview Press, 4-40.
Sabatier, P. A. (2000). Symposium: theories of the policy process. Journal of European Public Policy, 7 (1), 122-140.
Saraçoğlu, C. (2013). AKP, milliyetçilik ve dış politika: Bir doktrin olarak stratejik derinlik. Alternatif Politika, 5 (1), 52-68.
Scott, A. (2015). Coal-Fired Anger. New Statesman, 143 (5211), 17-35.
Smith, K. B. (2010). The public policy theory primer. Public Policy State, 5 (3), 1-44. Spada, M. & Burgherr, P. (2016). An aftermath analysis of the 2014 coalmine
accident in Soma, Turkey: Use of risk performance indicators based on historical experience. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 87 (2016), 134–140.
Stout, K. E. & Stevens, B. (2000). The case of the failed diversity rule: A multiple streams analysis. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 22 (4), 341-355. Teodorović, J. (2008). Why education policies fail: Multiple streams model of policymaking. Zbornik Instituta za pedagoška istraživanja, 40 (1), 22-36. Topaloğlu, M. (2001). Royalty Contract: Legal Status, Problems and Solution Suggestions. 17th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, 249-53. Travis, R. & Zahariadis, N. (2002). A Multiple Streams Model of U.S. Foreign Aid Policy. Policy Studies Journal, 30 (4), 495-51.
Uğraş, B. (2014). The Concept of Short-Time Work in Labor Law and Conditions of Entitlement to Short-Time Working Payment. Journal of Labour Relations, 5 (1), 49- 68.
Uluçam, M. (2014). What happened in Soma. Mining Turkey, 7 (1), 44-50.
Ulutaş, M. (2014). Soma Maden Faciası ve Özelleştirme Gerçeği. Türkiye Politika ve Araştırma Merkezi, 3 (12), 15-23.
Wilson, C. (2000). Policy Regime and Policy Change. Journal of Public Policy, 20 (3), 247-274.
Yeldan, E. (2014). Turkey mine disaster: privatization made it inevitable. Sydney Guardian, 9 (2), 1640-1646.
Yin, R. K. (1994). Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, London, and New Delhi: Sage publications.
Yüksekova, U. & Erdal, M. (2015). 6645 sayılı kanunun yürülüğe girmesiyle iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kanunu ile iş kanunu'nda meydane gelen değişiklikler, 5. İşçi Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Sempozyumu, 207-214.
Zahariadis, N. (2003). Ambiguity and Choice in Public Policy: Political Decision Making in Modern Democracies. Georgetown UP.
Zahariadis, N. (2007). The multiple streams framework: Theories of the policy process. Colorado, USA: Westview Press.
Zengin, T. (2014). Soma faciası işığında Türkiye’deki iş kazaları ve alınacak tedbirler. SDE Düşünce, 14 (1), 1-16.
Newspaper articles
CHP’li Özel 20 gün once mecliste feryat etmişti. (2014, 14 may). Hürriyet. Retrieved from http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/chpli-ozel-20-gun-once-mecliste-feryat-etmisti- 26417514
Court orders temporary seizure of Soma mine owner's assets. (2014, 18 june). Daily Sabah. Retrieved from http://www.dailysabah.com/nation/2014/06/18/court-orders- temporary-seizure-of-soma-mine-owners-assets
Court to begin hearing Soma case in April. (2015, 9 march). Cihan News Agency. Retrieved from http://www.kitco.com/news/2015-03-09/Court-to-begin-hearing- Soma-case-in-April.html
Daloğlu, T. (2014, 14 may). Erdoğan says mining accidents 'nature of the business'.
Al-Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.al-
monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/05/turkey-soma-mine-erdogan-accident- investigation.html#ixzz4EO7vkcCY
Davutoğlu announces new occupational safety program. (2014, 12 november). Daily Sabah. Retrieved from http://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2014/11/12/governments- new-workplace-safety-regulations-revealed
Josy, E. (2014, 13 may). Hundreds of miners trapped after explosion in Turkish coal mine. The Daily Telegraph, Retrieved from
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/10828189/Turkey-mine- explosion-rescuers-search-for-trapped-workers-as-245-confirmed-dead.html
Korkmaz, E. (2014, 28 may). Gov’t backs murderous mine company. Green Left Weekly. Retrieved from https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/56541
Katliam önlenebilirdi. (2016, 13 may) Siyasi Haber. Retrieved from
http://siyasihaber3.org/tmmob-ve-ttb-soma-raporunu-acikladi-katliam-onlenebilirdi Kayadelen, M. (2015, 9 march). Maden Yasası yine değişti. Bir sonraki değişiklik ne zaman. Retrieved from
http://kayadelen.gen.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50:madeny asasyinedegiti&catid=6:madencilik&Itemid=11
Peker, E. (2014, 14 may). Turkey Coal Mine Explosion Kills More Than 200. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from
http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304536104579560201445492522 Salloum, R. (2014, 16 may). Turkey Mine Disaster: Erdogan Loses His Grip. Spiegel Online. Retrieved from http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/turkey-mine- disaster-creates-widespread-anger-at-erdogan-a-969823.html
Soma ve bir sorun olarak iş güvenliği. (2014, 16 may) Retrieved from
http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/gorus/soma-faciasi-ve-temel-bir-sorun-olarak-guvenligi Soma mine was death trap, report shows. (2014, 2 october). Mining Turkey. Retrieved from http://www.mining.com/web/soma-mine-was-death-trap-report-shows/
Savaş, A. (2016, 15 may). Occupational Homicide. Haber Sol, 23-24. Retrieved from http://haber.sol.org.tr/yazarlar/alpaslan-savas/301-155784
Soma’da Facia. (2014, 14 may). Deutsche Welle. Retrieved From: http://www.dw.com/tr/somada-facia/a-17633770
Schwarz, P. (2014, 16 may). Mining disaster in Turkey: Anger with the government grows. World Socialist News. Retrieved from
https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2014/05/16/soma-m16.html
Tarihin En Büyük Maden Kazaları. (2014, 15 may), Anadolu Ajansı. Retrieved From http://aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/tarihin-en-buyuk-maden-kazalari/159755
Turkey world leader in coal mining deaths. (2014, 14 may). Today’s Zaman.
Retrieved from http:// www.todayszaman.com/news-347791-turkey-world-leader-in- coal-mining-deaths.html
Turkish Republic Presidency, (2014). Başbakan Erdoğan, Soma’daki incelemelerin ardından basın toplantısı düzenledi. Retrieved from
https://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr/Forms/_Article/pg_Article.aspx?Id=9def2fab-ce86- 462d-ba9c-7fa687ca6152
Reports
AKP. (2009a). Party Strategy On The Economic Development. Retrieved from http://www.akparti.org.tr/site/akparti/parti-yonetmelikleri
Chamber of Mining Engineers in Turkey (TMMOB). (2014). Aftermath of Soma Report. Retrieved from http://www.tmmob.org.tr/sites/tmmob.org.tr/files/somama.pdf Chamber of Mining Engineers in Turkey (TMMOB). (2010). Madencilikte Yaşanan İş Kazaları Raporu. Retrieved from
Chamber of Mining Engineers in Turkey (TMMOB). (2014). Soma Maden Kazası Raporu. Retrieved from
http://www.tmmob.org.tr/sites/tmmob.org.tr/files/somaraporu_0.pdf ESG. (2015). Final Report on Soma Mine Disaster. Retrieved from
https://stonybrook.digication.com/Fatimah_A/Final_Report_Soma_Mine_Disaster Euracoal. (2013). Coal Industry Across Europe. Retrieved from
https://euracoal.eu/library/publications/
Ministry of Labour and Social Security of Turkey, Directorate of Committee of Inspection. (2012). Report on Results of Occupational Health and Safety Inspections in Mining. Retrieved from
http://www.csgb.gov.tr/csgbPortal/ShowProperty/WLP%20Repository/itkb/dosyalar/ yayinlar/yayinla r2013/20132_60
SGK. (2012). Report on Occupational Accidents. Retrieved from http://www.isteguvenlik.tc/SGK2012IsKazaIstatistik.pdf
SGK. (2012). SGK Statistical Yearbook 2012. Retrieved from http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/tr/kurumsal/istatistikler
TBMM. (2014). Soma Investigation Commission Report Part 1. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/sirasayi/donem24/yil01/ss680-bolum-1.pdf
TBMM. (2014). Soma Investigation Commission Report Part 2. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/sirasayi/donem24/yil01/ss680-bolum-2.pdf
TBMM, The Ombudsman Institution of Turkey. (2014). Aftermath Of Soma Report. Retrieved from
http://www.ombudsman.gov.tr/contents/files/soma%20rapor%2030122014.pdf TEPAV. (2015). Contractual Arrangements in Turkey's Coal Mines: Forms, Extents, Drivers, Legal Drivers and Impact on OSH (Report No: 9789221309314) Retrieved from http://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1457365736-
7.CONTRACTUAL_ARRANGEMENTS_IN_TURKEY___S_COAL_MINES.pdf Turkish Republic Presidency. (2014). Başbakan Erdoğan, Soma’daki incelemelerin ardından basın toplantısı düzenledi. Retrieved from
https://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr/Forms/_Article/pg_Article.aspx?Id=9def2fab-ce86- 462d-ba9c-7fa687ca6152
TUIK. (2014). İş Kazaları ve İş Kazalarına Bağlı Yaşanan Sorunlar Raporu. Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/basinOdasi/haberler/2014_19_20140327.pdf
Parliamentary debates & other material
Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. (7 November 1982). Retrieved from: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b5be0.html
TBMM. (2014). İş sağlığı ve güvenliği kanunu ile bazı kanun ve kanun hükmünde kararnamelerde değişiklik yapılmasına dair kanun görüşmeleri, 29.04.2014, Legislation term 24, legislation year 4, session: 95. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic?PAGE1=1 &PAGE2=1&p4=22157&p5=H
TBMM. (2014). Soma kazasıyla ilgili komisyon raporlarının incelenmesi, 26.11.2014, Legislation term 24, legislation year 5, session: 89, 1-14. Available at:
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId= 1065
TBMM. (2014). Türkiye Büyük Millet MeclisiGenel kurul tutanağı, 16.05.2014, Legislation term 24, legislation year 4, session 89. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic?PAGE1=1 &PAGE2=1&p4=22145&p5=H
TBMM. (2014). Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi genel kurul tutanağı, 23.10.2014, Legislation term 24, legislation year 5, session 8. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic?PAGE1=1 &PAGE2=1&p4=22261&p5=H
TBMM. (2014). Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Genel kurul tutanağı, 11.11.2014, Legislation term 24, legislation year 5, session 12. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic?PAGE1=1 &PAGE2=1&p4=22269&p5=H
TBMM. (2014). Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi genel kurul tutanağı, 12.12.2014, Legislation term 24, legislation year 5, session 27. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic?PAGE1=1 &PAGE2=1&p4=22297&p5=H
TBMM. (2014). Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi genel kurul tutanağı, 13.12.2014, Legislation term 24, legislation year 5, session 28. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic?PAGE1=1 &PAGE2=1&p4=22299&p5=H
TBMM. (2014). Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi genel kurul tutanağı, 14.12.2014, Legislation term 24, legislation year 5, session 29. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic?PAGE1=1 &PAGE2=1&p4=22301&p5=H
TBMM. (2015). Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi genel kurul tutanağı 06.01.2015, Legislation term 24, legislation year 5, session: 38. Retrieved from:
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic?PAGE1=1 &PAGE2=1&p4=22321&p5=H
TBMM. (2015). TBMM Tutanak Hizmetleri Başkanlığı: Sağlık, aile, çalışma ve sosyal işler komisyonu 1. Oturum görüşmeleri, 6.01.2015. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId= 1150
TBMM. (2015). Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi genel kurul tutanağı, 15.01.2015, Legislation term 24, legislation year 5, session 15. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic?PAGE1=1 &PAGE2=1&p4=22331&p5=H
TBMM. (2015). Sağlık alt komisyonu: İş sağlığı ve güvenliği kanunu ve bazı kanun hükmünde kararnamelerde değişiklik yapılmasına dair kanun tasarısı (1/1006) ve 15 kanun teklifinin görüşmeleri, 14.01.2015, Legislation term 24, legislation year 5. Retrieved from
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId= 1176
6331 Sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu [Occupational Health and Safety Act Numbered 6331] ︎.Pub: 20.06.2012, No: 28339, (2012).
Retrieved from http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/06/20120630-1.htm 6645 Sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun [The Law On Occupational Health and Safety That Has Amendments On The Former Occupational Health and Safety Act]. Pub: 23.04.2015, No. 29335, (2015). Retrieved from