The Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership and the Driver Workload Metrics Consortium wish to thank the following individuals for their contributions to the success of this project.
To the core research team, who planned and executed this study, developed the needed instrumentation, analyzed the mountains of data that resulted, dealt with the myriad of details involved with project operations and prepared this report, we are deeply grateful. The long hours and commitment needed were willingly given by the team. Without their contributions, this project would not have been possible. Our heartfelt thanks go to:
Linda S. Angell James R. Hogsett, Jr.
Jack L. Auflick Steven M. Kiger
P. Albert Austria Dev S. Kochhar
Wayne J. Biever William E. Thomas
Tuhin Diptiman Louis Tijerina
We also wish to acknowledge the contributions of David L. Smith and Michael Perel, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and James P. Foley, James Chang, Daniel Cohen, and Richard Glassco, Mitretek Systems Inc., for their guidance during the planning and execution of this study. Their observations and insights throughout the project were greatly appreciated. Special thanks go to Dhiraj Tiwari, Mohammed Mustafa, and Sriranga Rao for their efforts in developing the custom software needed to process data from the laboratory and instrumented vehicles, and for their assistance during the analysis phase of the project.
We also greatly appreciate the assistance of Charles Green, Elizabeth Hayes, Adrian Tan, and Marc Winterbottom. These individuals, although only with the project for a brief time, made major contributions nonetheless. The efforts of Adrian Tan and Charles Green in developing the Peripheral Detection Task and in analyzing early pilot testing data must be acknowledged. For their efforts during the initial planning of the study in Task 1, Adrian Tan and Marc Winterbottom should receive recognition, as should Elizabeth Hayes for her similar contributions during Task 2.
Carol Flannagan, Angela Fought, Ian Jolliffe, and Arturo Obscura assisted the project in the area of statistical analysis. We sincerely value their contributions, especially in helping with the interpretation of the analysis results and in providing suggestions on the application of statistical methods.
We are greatly appreciative of the efforts of the drivers, safety observers, experimenters and technicians that participated during the data collection phases of the project. Their dedication through the long hours of training and testing – on weekdays as well as weekends - made it possible to achieve our goals for sample size and completion dates. Our sincere thanks go to the following people:
Stephen Abowd Heather King
Dorothy Borg Donna Lew
George Chapp Brian Mullane
Vanna Cheerala Ronald Raymer
Executive Summary
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Robert Edwards Robert Reeser
Dillon Funkhauser Michael Robertson
Robert Gadany Daniel Scott
Rebecca Greedy Daniel Stuczynski
Roger Hersberger Linda Wallace
Rhonda Janson
For their assistance in all of the “back office” activities needed to operate a large-scale study such as this, we are grateful to our administrative support staff. For their efforts in purchasing and procurement support, maintaining project records, entering data into databases, data validation, and the manual verification of events of interest from video recordings, we acknowledge the following for their contributions:
Stephanie Carno Geneva Kachman
Jennifer Concord Annette Rashid
Martha Escalante Roberta Torres
Jill Herbert Deborah Young
We also wish to thank Dawn Novak, MORPACE International, and her staff for their excellent service in recruiting, screening, scheduling and confirming the test participants for the study. Because of their hard work, the study experienced only a 5 percent “no show” rate across the three data collection phases. This is remarkable considering the two-day commitment required for participation in the study and the remote location of the test track used in Task 2.
Last, but certainly not in the least, we must recognize the efforts by several individuals at The University of Iowa, TNO Human Factors and Noldus Information Technologies USA for their roles in the manual reduction of driver eyeglance from video recordings. Manual reduction of eyeglance data, as those who have conducted this type of work well know, is a long and arduous task. That this work was completed within the time needed and with a high degree of reliability is a testimonial to the expertise and efficiency of all who assisted. The data reduced in this effort represents the sole source of eyeglance data for the project. For his assistance in technical support during the installation of software used to reduce the eye data, we acknowledge Mark Richard, Noldus USA. For their efforts in managing the eyeglance data reduction work and in training the analysts, our thanks go to Daniel McGehee and Mireille Raby of the University of Iowa and to Marieke Martens and Maaike Duistermaat of TNO Human Factors. Finally, the individual analysts, who spent hours in the trenches watching video, must absolutely be commended. Their work was outstanding; their efforts are truly appreciated. These individual included:
The University of Iowa TNO Human Factors
Timothy Boyle Maarten Havik
Cheryl Carney Lien Kalicharan
Chapter 1 Introduction