Conclusiones

5.2.1 SCOPE

5.2.1.1 These effluent limitations, standards and monitoring guidelines shall regulate and control point source discharges and the ambient environment

for the Natural Gas, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Gas Conversion and Processing (GC&P) plants in Nigeria.

5.3 Control of Existing/New Point Sources

5.3.1 All existing point sources of waste water effluents, solid wastes and gaseous emissions in the Natural Gas, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and GC&P plants shall be registered, , with the Director of Petroleum resources and permits issued as in PART IX.

5.3.2 Construction of new treatment systems or modification of existing ones for NG, LNG and LPG wastes shall be approved by the Director of Petroleum Resources from design to commissioning stages and appropriate permits issued to such, operator.

5.3.3 The holder of the permit shall not make or cause to make, change in any operation or process carried out at the premises, which change or is intended or is likely to cause a material increase/decrease in the quantity and quality of effluent or both, discharge from the premises, unless prior written approval of the Director of Petroleum Resources has been sought and obtained for the change.

5.3.3.1 For the purposes of Article 5.3.3 above, changes to permitted operation or process include:

(i) Any change in the construction, structure, arrangement, alignment, direction or condition of any channelling device, system or facility serving the premises, and;

(ii) Any change of, to, or in any plant, machine, or equipment used or installed at the premises for the purposes of treatment of process water, oily waste water, sanitary water, cooling water, storm runoff, air contaminants, oily/organic sludge, spent catalyst, solid wastes etc.

5.3.4 Preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment shall be mandatory prior to the construction of any NG, LNG, LPG and GC&P(above 20,000 litres, (seePART VIII-A).

5.3.5 A certificate of Approval for operation shall be issued.

5.3.6 PERFORMANCE OF EXISTING SOURCES/TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

5.3.6.1 The performance of all registered point sources/treatment technology shall be determined by:

(i) Compliance limits based on the approved control Technologies and as provided for in TABLE V-7, and;

(ii) Information supplied to the Director of Petroleum Resources on the estimates of quantities, concentrations and loading rate into the environment of the waste streams, and the condition or state of the recipient medium - water, atmosphere or land.

5.3.7 At the discretion of the Director of Petroleum Resources, the operator shall analyse samples of any liquid effluents, oily/organic sludge, spent catalyst, solid wastes, etc., to determine whether and to what extent they contain toxic and hazardous substances such as the Director may specify.

5.4 Control of Points of Discharges

5.4.1 Waste waters from the NG, LNG, LPG and GC&P plants, comprising of process/oily water, sanitary water, spent catalyst, etc. and solid wastes comprising of sludges (organic and product tank bottom), residues, rusts, metallic and glass objects, general refuse, etc. shall not be disposed of directly or indirectly into:

(i) Any inland waters (fresh or reservoir) (ii) Any swamp, coastal or offshore waters (iii) Any floodplains and upland valleys

(iv) Any pit on land other than a temporary holding/retention lined or concrete pit, basin or steel tank so designed and utilized that there shall be no overflows, leakages and seepages into adjacent surface and groundwaters.

5.4.1.1 The lined or concrete pit/basin shall have 1 (one) continuous meter of recompacted or natural clay having a hydraulic conductivity not greater than 1 x 10^-7cm/sec at the sides and bottom. The liners include but not limited to the following:

(i) Natural clay having a hydraulic conductivity of less than 1 x 10^-7 cm/sec.

(ii) Soil mixed with cement, clay-type, and/or other additives to produce a barrier with a hydraulic conductivity of less than 1 x 10^-7 cm/sec.

(iii) Manufactured liner (synthetic material) that exceeds the hydraulic conductivity requirement and that shall also satisfy the following;

Parameter or Test ^* Standard

Thickness (average) ≥≥≥≥ 10 mm Breaking Strength 6.33 Kg/m2 Bursting Strength 9.85 Kg/m2 Tearing Strength 1.76 Kg/m2

Seam Strength 3.52 Kg/m2

*Testing is to be performed according to ASTM method D – 751, Latest Edition or EPA Method 9100.

5.4.2 The disposal of NG, LNG and LPG wastes is prohibited into unsecured land, public drain and sewers.

5.4.3 The following conditions shall be the grounds on which an exemption to dispose of or discharge the waste waters/solid wastes may be granted, that the quality and quantity of the discharge shall not:

(i) cause hazards to human health

(ii) harm living organism (fauna and flora)

(iii) impair the quality to use the adjacent land and water.

5.4.4 Gaseous contaminant emissions from the NG, LNG, LPG and GC&P plants, comprising of particulate matter/dust, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulphur oxides, mercury, some organics etc. shall not be emitted directly into the atmosphere.

5.4.4.1 The following conditions shall be grounds on which an exemption of discharge may be granted:

(i) that the total quality/rate of the discharge or the total quantity to be discharged, or a meaningful combination of these, render the discharge acceptable;

(ii) that the net benefit, from consideration of ecological, social and

economic factors, of allowing the exemption to discharge outweighs that of refusing it.

5.5 An operator whose NG/LNG/LPG/GC&P operations have been observed to cause significant and adverse environmental effects and impacts, shall be required to prepare an Environmental Evaluation (Post-impact) Report - (See PART VIII-A).

5.6 Treatment and Disposal of Wastes From Natural Gas, Liquified Natural Gas, Liquified Petroleum Gas and Gas Conversion & Processing Plants.

5.6.1 Wastes from NG, LNG, LPG and GC&P operations, i.e process/oily water, sanitary water, storm water, spent catalyst, sludges (organic, oil and product tank bottom), residues, general refuse, air emission contaminants etc., shall be treated to the satisfaction of the Director of Petroleum Resources before disposal.

5.6.2 Effluent Limitation

5.6.2.1 The following effluent limitations, (TABLE V-7) are hereby set for the cooling water blowdown/regeneration water and the treated (primary treatment) wastewater from LNG, NG and GC&P plants

TABLE V-7 EFFLUENT LIMITS FOR TREATED WASTE WATER AND COOLING WATER BLOWDOWN/REGENERATION WATER.

EFFLUENT

5.6.2.2 Control of Gas Flaring/Smoke:

(j) The relative density of emitted smoke shall not exceed 2 Ringelmann Number which is related to 40% of smoke density and 60% of light transmission through smoke - observed over a period of one (1) hour;

(See TABLE V-5).

(ii) The permissible heat radiation at ground level shall not exceed 6.31KW/m² during maximum flaring at a distance of 60meters from the base of the flare;

(iii) The minimum sterilized approach distance shall be about 60m radius measured from the base of the flare stack. No other equipment except that related to the flare itself shall be located within this area.

(iv) Ground temperature shall not exceed 300^oK (about 27^oC) at the minimum

sterilized distance from the flare (i.e. from about 60m radius from the flare source).

(v) Noise levels for unprotected ears shall not exceed 9OdBA for 8 hours working period.

(vi) Flares shall be designed for and operated with no visible (smoke), except for periods not to exceed a total of 5 minutes during any 2 consecutive hours.

5.6.2.3 Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (see PART III, Section E, 4.4.5) 5.6.3 On a random basis, samples collected to satisfy the effluent limitations

(TABLE V-7) shall be accompanied by certificate of sampling duly issued by competent officer of the Department of Petroleum Resources.

5.6.4 The sampling and analysis to satisfy this effluent limitations shall be done once a week and reported each calendar month.

5.6.5 The following limits are hereby set for all storm waters and other surface drainage discharges into adjacent/receiving waters:

(i) The pH of the storm water/surface drainages shall be within 6.5 to 8.5 and/or must not be more than the pH of the receiving body by 1 unit;

(ii) The conductivity of the stormwater discharge into fresh water shall not exceed 900 mhos/cm;

(iii) The salinity (as chloride) shall in any case not be 10 times greater nor 10 times lower than the normal levels in tidal running recipient waters.;

(iv) The turbidity of the discharge shall not be more by 10% of the receiving medium;

(v) The odour of the discharge shall be unobjectionable;

(vi) There shall not be visible oil sheen.

(vii) The temperture shall not alter the recipient