Operación a filo de agua
12. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
Condition
Recommended Methods
Potential Methods Comments
1. Bodywall Reduction Due to Wear
Drill pipe wear (snap gauge with ultrasonic thickness gauge)
Bodywall reduction resulting from abrasive wear is typically located in the center 1/3 of the tube. The pipe body, from some distance towards each end, is generally protected by the tool joint with its large diameter. Therefore, simple caliper like the OD gauge is effective in locating the worn area. The amount of remaining bodywall should be determined by the use of an ultrasonic thickness gauge. Used drill pipe is typically somewhat crooked and / or coated with a drilling scale mud on the OD surface;
therefore, full length ultrasonic or gamma-ray scan may be difficult to accurately perform.
Gamma-ray scan
OD caliper
Diameter tape
Straight beam ultrasonic scan
2. OD Reduction Due to Stretch
OD caliper Initial stretching of drill pipe length generally occurs at a point near the upset runout. An OD caliper is most effective in comparing the pie diameter at the point of suspected stretch with adjacent pipe body or, by indirect measurement, with a steel ruler.
Drill pipe wear (snap) gauge
Diameter tape
3. OD Reduction Due to Mash or Crush
OD caliper
Same as item B.2. above Drill pipe wear (snap) gauge
Diameter tape 4. OD Expansion (String
Shot Back-off)
OD caliper
Same as item B.2. above Drill pipe wear (snap) gauge
5. Corrosion Pitting ID Surface
Electromagnetic scan with
ultrasonic thickness prove-up Corrosion pitting damage occurs in a variety of geometric configurations, Electromagnetic scanning is the most effective application for locating the pitted area. Remaining bodywall must be determined by use of a straight beam ultrasonic thickness gauge.
Angle beam ultrasonic application can be adversely affected by pitting configuration and other conditions.
Visual with bright light Visual with borescope
Angle or straight beam ultrasonic scan
6. Corrosion Pitting OD Surface
Electromagnetic scan with depth gauge and ultrasonic thickness prove-up
Same as item B.5. above Visual
Angle or straight beam ultrasonic scan
7. Cuts, Gouges, and scars - OD Surface - Transverse
Electromagnetic scan with MPI
prove up Cuts, gouges and similar scars in the transverse configuration are the most detrimental relative to fatigue crack development. Electromagnetic scan with magnetic particle prove-up gives satisfactory results.
Visual
Angle beam ultrasonic scan
NOV Tuboscope Drilling Services 2011 www.tuboscope.com 1-713 799-5100 [email protected]
Used Drill Pipe Inspection Methods Cont…
B. Tube Body
Condition
Recommended Methods
Potential Methods Comments
8. Cuts and Scars - OD Surface - Longitudinal
Visual with MPI prove-up Cuts, gouges, and similar scars in the longitudinal configuration are considerably less detrimental relative to fatigue crack development. Longitudinal cuts or gouges, therefore, must be quite large or deep to cause concern. As a result, visual detection with magnetic particle prove-up gives satisfactory results.
Electromagnetic
Angle beam ultrasonic scan
9. Fatigue Cracking OD/ID
Angle beam ultrasonic scan
The ultrasonic method requires a couplant. The electromagnetic method is considerable less affected by thin coatings of drilling mud scale and other outside surface irregularities commonly present on drill pipe.
Electromagnetic scan with MPI Prove-up
Visual with profile gauge Visual
Color codes for the tube appear on the tube body near pin end.
Tool joint classification color codes appear on the tool joint (either box or pin).
Shoulder condition color codes appear adjacent to the threads (either box or pin).
PIPE BODY CLASSIFICATION (NEAR PIN END AT 18” AND 2” WIDE BAND)
Permanent markings for classification of drill pipe body (all classes contain a unique number stamped on the 35° slope).
PREMIUM CLASS
See reverse side for Table B.18 of API RP 7G-2. It explains exterior and interior conditions, identified by inspection, which leads to these color codes on the tube body.
CLASS 2
CLASS 3
SCRAP
TOOL JOINT CLASSIFICATION (BOX AND PIN)
A single white band is often painted in actual field practice to indicate premium class.
PREMIUM CLASS
Refer to Table D.6 in API RP 7G-2 for minimum width of box shoulder, identified by Inspection, that leads to these classification color codes.
CLASS 2 CLASS 2
SCRAP OR REPAIRABLE FIELD REPAIRABLE
SHOULDER CONDITION (BOX AND PIN)
Table B.18 — Classification of Used Drill Pipe
OD Wear Remaining wall not less than 80% Remaining wall not less than 70% Remaining wall less than 70%
Dents and Mashes OD not less than 97% OD not less than 96% OD less than 96%
Crushing and necking OD not less than 97% OD not less than 96% OD less than 96%
Slip area, cuts and
gauges Depth not more than 10% of average adjacent wall ª, and remaining wall less than 80%
Depth not more than 20% of average adjacent wall ª, and remaining wall less than 80% for transverse (70%
for longitudinal)
Depth more than 20% of average adjacent wall ª, or remaining wall less than 80% for transverse (70% for longitudinal)
Stretching OD not less than 97% OD not less than 96% OD less than 96%
String shot OD not more than 103% OD not more than 104% OD more than 104%
External corrosion Remaining wall not less than 80% Remaining wall not less than 70% Remaining wall less than 70%
Longitudinal cuts and
gouges Remaining wall not less than 80% Remaining wall not less than 70% Remaining wall less than 70%
Transverse cuts and gouges
Remaining wall not less than 80% Remaining wall not less than 80% Remaining wall less than 80%
Cracks None b None b None b
Internal Conditions
Corrosion pitting Remaining wall not less than 80% Remaining wall not less than 70% Remaining wall less than 70%
Erosion and internal
wall wear Remaining wall not less than 80% Remaining wall not less than 70% Remaining wall less than 70%
Cracks None b None b None b
ª Average adjacent wall is determined by measuring the wall thickness on each side of the cut or gouge adjacent to deepest penetration.
b In any classification where cracks and washouts appear, the pipe is identified with a red band and considered unfit for further drilling service.
Table D.6 — Drill Pipe and Tool-Joint Color Code Identification
Tool Joint and Drill Pipe Classification
Number and Color of Bands Tool-joint condition Color of Bands
Premium Class Two White Scrap or shop repair Red
Class 2 One Yellow Field repairable Green
Class 3 One Orange — —
Scrap One Red — —
ODLengthCoatingsSizesCoatingsSiz Highway 90 Houston, TX13 3/8"46'All TK® 1 1/2" - 13 3/8"TK® -991 1/2" - Navasota, TX16"48'All TK® 1 1/2" - 16"None TK® -15, 70, 5052 3/8" - TK® -991 1/4" - Nisku, Alberta, Canada14"63'All TK® 1" - 14"All TK® except 8001.9" - 1 Edmond, Oklahoma10"46'All TK® 1 1/2"-10"TK-15,70,991 1/2" - Batam, Indonesia16"48'All TK® 1" - 16"All TK® except 8002" - 16" Amelia North, Louisiana16"48'All TK® 1.9" - 16"All TK® except 8002" - 16" Amelia South, Louisiana12"48'All TK® 1-1/2" - 12"All TK® 1- 1/2" - Berlaimont, France13 3/8"48'All TK® 2" - 13 3/8"TK® -34P,216, 34, 34XT2" - 13 3 Gladbeck, Germany20"44'NoneTK® -34P, 216, 2362" - 20" Port Lethon, Scotland14"48'NoneTK® -34P, 216,2362" - 14" West Little York, Houston, TX12"47'All TK® 1 1/2" - 12"All TK® except 991 1/2" - Houma, Louisiana - Custom20'All TK® > 1 1/2"All TK® > 1 1/2" Odessa, TX - Fiberglass LinerTK-Liner, TK-Fiberline2 3/8-9 5/82 3/8" - Odessa, TX - Rod Coating/OD TubularTK-750R, 316 SS, TK-505 (OD)all rod sizes 2 1/16-4in pipe HHTCC Qingxian14"48'All TK® 2 3/8" - 14"All TK® 2 3/8" t HHTCC Jiangyin16"48'All TK® 2 3/8" - 16"All TK® 2 3/8" t Oman Liner and Wrap PlantTK-Liner, FiberlineLiner 2 3/8" - 9 5/8"Tubo-Wrap2 3/8" - Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates24"47'All TK® 2" - 24"All TK® 2" - 24" Veracruz, Mexico24"48'All TK® 2" - 24"All TK® 2" - 24" Macae, Brazil Sheldon North Coating Plant, Houston, TX TK® -2, 7, 34, 34XT
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E x p a n si o n L o ca ti o n s
TBD TBD2 3/8" - 15"