CONCLUSIONES DE LA SIMULACIÓN

To ensure that the ECCs kick-start a meaningful process of EU democratic renewal, several recommendations should be considered for the future, building on the experience with the instrument so far.

q Keep the conversation going: The EP

elections should give centre stage to the results of the ECCs. The campaigns of the

Spitzenkandidaten and MEP candidates should amplify the voice of the people, as heard during the consultations. Moreover, the

agenda of the Sibiu Summit and the EU’s next

Strategic Agenda (agreed by the European Council) and Strategic Priorities (defined

by the next Commission) should reflect the

syntheses of the discussions held during the ECCs, following up on the concerns and proposals raised.

q Turn the talk into action: In the period

until September 2019, covering the last leg of this round of ECCs and the start of the new politico-institutional cycle after the EP elections, national and European politicians should keep sight of the initiative

and echo the results of the consultations in their discourses and decisions. This will be a critical test for the future of the initiative. If in the end, citizens feel that their participation in these events had no impact on European decision-making, their perception that politicians are unresponsive and unrepresentative, and that the Union is distant and develops beyond their control, will likely be reinforced. In that case, their support for European integration can be expected to drop.

q Make it a regular feature: Beyond 2019,

the process should be repeated, drawing on lessons learned from this time around to improve the format. At the EU level, this could be facilitated by a permanent mechanism for inter-institutional cooperation, such as that proposed by the European Committee of the Regions and the Economic and Social

Committee.11 _{Any such future efforts should}

also be inclusive of civil society and experts, who have the necessary expertise and experience to suggest appropriate common quality standards and processes.

q Aim for better coordination: Organisers

should consider the trade-off between standardisation and respecting national practices, with the goal of making the process more unified and coherent to allow citizens to feel engaged in a single Europe- wide discussion. This would also make it easier to compare and synthesise the results,

increasing the instrument’s potential impact.

The European institutions should also work together as much as possible.

q Set clear objectives: The goal of the

consultations should be clearly stated at the outset so that people can understand and trust the initiative. Citizens should be informed precisely on how their input will be

reflected in decision-making to avoid setting

expectations too high and to give purpose to their engagement.

As national governments played a crucial role in the implementation of the ECCs, the key to their future success lies in national capitals. The member states must demonstrate a willingness to stick with the idea and keep

moving forward. The Citizens’ Consultations

were a new experiment in improving the quality of democracy in the EU, but they

could become, in Macron’s words, “an integral part of Europe’s radical reform”.12 _{If necessity}

and providence set the ECCs in motion, will

political leaders’ curiosity to explore their full

potential drive European democratic progress henceforth?

1. _{“Presidential programme of Emmanuel Macron”,}

En Marche.

2. _{“Speech by Emmanuel Macron at the Sorbonne,}

Paris”, Office of the President of the French

Republic, 26 September 2017.

3. _{“Jean-Claude Juncker’s State of the Union}

Address”, European Commission, 13 September 2017.

4. _{See, for example, Emmanouilidis, Janis A.,}

rapporteur, (2017), “Re-energising Europe: A package deal for the EU27. Third report New Pact for Europe”, Brussels: European Policy Centre.

5. _{For example, Belgium, Finland, and Lithuania.} 6. _{In Italy, political factors, notably the crisis}

resulting from the March 2018 general election, prevented the ECCs from taking place. The United Kingdom decided not to participate given its forthcoming departure from the EU.

7. _{For a full overview of how the ECCs were}

implemented in each country, see Stratulat, Corina

and Butcher, Paul (2018), “The European Citizens’

Consultations: Evaluation Report”, Brussels: European Policy Centre.

8. _{See, for example, Munta, Mario, “The empty} taste of Macron’s citizens’ consultations”, Euractiv, 11 April 2018.

9. _{Council of the European Union, “Citizens’}

Consultations – Joint Report”, 3 December 2018.

10. _{Quelle est votre Europe? (2018), “Citizens’}

Consultations on Europe – Executive Summary”, Paris: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, p. 4.

11. _{Lambertz, Karl-Heinz and Jahier, Luca (2018),}

“Bringing the EU closer to its citizens: The call for an EU permanent mechanism for structured consultations and dialogues with citizens”, European Committee of the Regions and the European Economic and Social Committee.

12. _{“Speech by Emmanuel Macron at the Sorbonne,}

Paris”, Office of the President of the French

Unfashionably, I am going to argue for more Europe. The European Union (EU) is too weak to do what is expected of it.

We do not need more scenarios from the Commission’s think- tank to tell us that the EU lacks sufficient centralised powers to act effectively in the many critical situations in which it finds itself. Nor do we need more politicians to explain that European unification is, for them, a distant abstraction which, if pursued

overtly, will make them unpopular.

Europe is simmering with problems which defy the capability of its current governance. Some issues may recede over time because of natural or technological developments; other problems may come and go according to the economic cycle; but the most problematic challenges will persist – and if not addressed, worsen. Global warming, the rule of law, fundamental rights, the state of democracy, terrorism, military insecurity, corruption, international organised crime, mass refugees, social dislocation, low employment, environmental

decay – these are Europe’s systemic challenges demanding

sustained structural responses from stable, strong government.

The scale and