2.2. Convenzionalità e creatività nella metafora concettuale
2.2.3. Conclusioni sulla convenzionalità e creatività della metafora concettuale
Avoid opening car doors.Avoid opening car doors. Give yourself three or four feet of room between Give yourself three or four feet of room between yourselfyourself and parked vehicles.
and parked vehicles.
Ride in a predictable manner.Ride in a predictable manner.Always ride straight and be predictable. Do notAlways ride straight and be predictable. Do not
weave from side to side, or suddenly move out into traffic. Be alert and plan ahead to weave from side to side, or suddenly move out into traffic. Be alert and plan ahead to avoid obstacles. If the road is narrow for
avoid obstacles. If the road is narrow for a bicycle and a ca bicycle and a car to travel side by side, thear to travel side by side, the bicyclist should occupy the lane until it is safe to move back to the right. Always bicyclist should occupy the lane until it is safe to move back to the right. Always
check over your shoulder before changing your lane position. Never weave between check over your shoulder before changing your lane position. Never weave between parked cars.
parked cars.
Signaling turns.Signaling turns. As vehicle driver you musAs vehicle driver you must always signal your intent t always signal your intent to turn, usingto turn, using the hand signals illustrated earlier in this section. Look be
the hand signals illustrated earlier in this section. Look before you make a lanefore you make a lane change or turn. Make sure lanes are clear of traffic to make a lane change or turn.
change or turn. Make sure lanes are clear of traffic to make a lane change or turn.
Left hand turns.Left hand turns. You may turn left as You may turn left as a vehicle by moving in to the a vehicle by moving in to the left lane or theleft lane or the left side of the travel lane. Before
left side of the travel lane. Before you maneuver, look behind you maneuver, look behind for traffic, signal yourfor traffic, signal your turn and change lane position when clear to do so. Or, you can make a left turn in two turn and change lane position when clear to do so. Or, you can make a left turn in two parts by crossing the intersection and pulling over to the side. Then, when it is safe to parts by crossing the intersection and pulling over to the side. Then, when it is safe to
do so, turn to your
do so, turn to your left and proceed across the intersection.left and proceed across the intersection.
Night equipment.Night equipment. A bicycle must have lighted a front light that emits a white lightA bicycle must have lighted a front light that emits a white light visible from a distance of at least 200
visible from a distance of at least 200 feet to the front. Also, a red feet to the front. Also, a red or amber light oror amber light or reflector to the rear that is visible at least 200 feet to the rear. Reflector material on reflector to the rear that is visible at least 200 feet to the rear. Reflector material on the pedals, unless the bicyclist is wearing reflective material on
the pedals, unless the bicyclist is wearing reflective material on the feet or ankles.the feet or ankles.
Be prepared for conditions.Be prepared for conditions. Always carry water and appropriate clothing whenAlways carry water and appropriate clothing when traveling by bicycle. In the rain, allow yourself extra stopping distance when you use traveling by bicycle. In the rain, allow yourself extra stopping distance when you use your brakes
your brakes
Sharing Space With
Sharing Space With Other Road Other Road Users_____________ Users___________________________ _______________ _
When you are in moving traffic you can control the speed and position of the motor When you are in moving traffic you can control the speed and position of the motor vehicle to keep a space cushion around you. When you approach a line of traffic, however, vehicle to keep a space cushion around you. When you approach a line of traffic, however, you must share space with vehicles a
you must share space with vehicles already there. One of the biggest plready there. One of the biggest problems drivers have isroblems drivers have is judging how much space they are going to need.
judging how much space they are going to need.
Learn to judge how much space you must have to merge with traffic, to cross or enter Learn to judge how much space you must have to merge with traffic, to cross or enter traffic and to pass other motor vehicles.
traffic and to pass other motor vehicles.
Remember, when you make any of these movements you must yield the right of way to Remember, when you make any of these movements you must yield the right of way to the other cars. It is your job to
the other cars. It is your job to allow enough space to keallow enough space to keep from interfering with otherep from interfering with other vehicles.
vehicles.
Space to Merge Space to Merge
Any time you merge with other traffic, you need a gap of four seconds-twice your usual Any time you merge with other traffic, you need a gap of four seconds-twice your usual following distance. That will give both you and the car behind you a two-second following following distance. That will give both you and the car behind you a two-second following distance. You need a four-second gap whenever you change lanes or enter a freeway from an distance. You need a four-second gap whenever you change lanes or enter a freeway from an entrance lane or merge with another road.
entrance lane or merge with another road.
Don’t try to squeeze into a gap that is too small. Leave yourself a big enough spaceDon’t try to squeeze into a gap that is too small. Leave yourself a big enough space cushion.
cushion.
If you have to cross several laneIf you have to cross several lanes, change lanes one as, change lanes one at a time. If you stop to wait ut a time. If you stop to wait untilntil all lanes are clear, you will tie up traffic and may cause a collision.
all lanes are clear, you will tie up traffic and may cause a collision.
Space to Cross or Enter Space to Cross or Enter
Whenever you cross or enter traffic from a complete stop, you will need large gaps. To Whenever you cross or enter traffic from a complete stop, you will need large gaps. To get moving from a full stop, you ne
get moving from a full stop, you need a gap that ed a gap that is:is:
About a half a block on city streets,About a half a block on city streets,
About a full block on the highway.About a full block on the highway.
To enter a lane of traffic, you need a little more time to turn and to get up to the speed of To enter a lane of traffic, you need a little more time to turn and to get up to the speed of other cars. You need a gap that is:
other cars. You need a gap that is:
About two-thirds of a block in the city,About two-thirds of a block in the city,
About two blocks on the highway.About two blocks on the highway.
When you cross traffic, you need enough room to get all the way across.
When you cross traffic, you need enough room to get all the way across.
Stopping halfway across is only safe when there is a median divider large enough toStopping halfway across is only safe when there is a median divider large enough to hold your car.
hold your car.
If you are crossing or turning, make sure there are no cars or people blocking the pathIf you are crossing or turning, make sure there are no cars or people blocking the path ahead or the path to the side. You don’t want to be caught in an intersection with ahead or the path to the side. You don’t want to be caught in an intersection with traffic bearing down on you.
traffic bearing down on you.
Even if you have the green light, don’t start across if there are cars blocking yourEven if you have the green light, don’t start across if there are cars blocking your way. If you are caught in the intersection when the light changes, you will block way. If you are caught in the intersection when the light changes, you will block traffic.
traffic.
Never assume another driver will share space with you. Don’t turn just because an Never assume another driver will share space with you. Don’t turn just because an approaching car has a turn signal on. The driver may plan to turn just beyond you. Or approaching car has a turn signal on. The driver may plan to turn just beyond you. Or their signal may have been
their signal may have been left on from an earlier turn. This is likely to happleft on from an earlier turn. This is likely to happen withen with motorcycles because their signals don’t always cancel by themselves. Wait until the motorcycles because their signals don’t always cancel by themselves. Wait until the other driver actually starts to turn.
other driver actually starts to turn.
Space to Pass Space to Pass
Whenever you pass another car on a two-lane road you must enter a lane that belongs to Whenever you pass another car on a two-lane road you must enter a lane that belongs to oncoming cars. Therefore it’s important to watch for other vehicles. Signal, then pass when oncoming cars. Therefore it’s important to watch for other vehicles. Signal, then pass when the way is clear.
the way is clear.
At highway speeds of 50 to 55 mph, you need from 10 to 12 seconds to complete a pass At highway speeds of 50 to 55 mph, you need from 10 to 12 seconds to complete a pass safely.
safely.
You must judge whether or not you have enough room to pass whenever you approach (1) You must judge whether or not you have enough room to pass whenever you approach (1) an oncoming car, (2) a
an oncoming car, (2) a hill or a curve, (3) an hill or a curve, (3) an intersection, or (4) a roadway obstruction.intersection, or (4) a roadway obstruction.
Oncoming Cars.
Oncoming Cars.At highway speeds you will travel over 800 feet in 10 to 12 seconds. SoAt highway speeds you will travel over 800 feet in 10 to 12 seconds. So will an oncoming car. That means you need over 1600 feet or about one-third of a mile to will an oncoming car. That means you need over 1600 feet or about one-third of a mile to pass safely (use your odometer to get to know what this distance looks like). It is
pass safely (use your odometer to get to know what this distance looks like). It is hard tohard to judge the speed of oncoming cars or motorcycles one-third of a mile away. They don’t seem judge the speed of oncoming cars or motorcycles one-third of a mile away. They don’t seem
to be coming as fast as they
to be coming as fast as they really are. A car far enough really are. A car far enough away seems to be standing still. Inaway seems to be standing still. In fact, it may be too close for you start to pass.
fact, it may be too close for you start to pass.
Hills and Curves.
Hills and Curves. Any time your view is blocked by a curve or a hill, you should assume thatAny time your view is blocked by a curve or a hill, you should assume that there is an oncoming car just out
there is an oncoming car just out of sight. Therefore, you should treat a of sight. Therefore, you should treat a curve or a hill as youcurve or a hill as you do an oncoming car.
do an oncoming car. This means you should not start to paThis means you should not start to pass if you are within one-third of ass if you are within one-third of a
Intersections.
Intersections. Do not pass where someone is likely to enter or cross the road. Passing isDo not pass where someone is likely to enter or cross the road. Passing is dangerous at intersections, crossroads, railroad crossings, and shopping center entrances.
dangerous at intersections, crossroads, railroad crossings, and shopping center entrances.
While you are passing, your view of people, cars, or trains is blocked by the car you are While you are passing, your view of people, cars, or trains is blocked by the car you are passing.
passing.
Lane Restrictions.
Lane Restrictions.Before you pass, look ahead for road conditions and traffic that mayBefore you pass, look ahead for road conditions and traffic that may cause other road users to move
cause other road users to move over into your lane. You over into your lane. You might lose your space for passingmight lose your space for passing because of:
because of:
People or bikers near the road,People or bikers near the road,
A narrow bridge,A narrow bridge,
A patch of ice, broken pavement, or something on the road.A patch of ice, broken pavement, or something on the road.
Space to Return.
Space to Return.Don’t pull out to pass unless you know you have enough space to return.Don’t pull out to pass unless you know you have enough space to return.
Don’t count on having enough time to pass several cars at once. And don’t count on other Don’t count on having enough time to pass several cars at once. And don’t count on other drivers to make room for you.
drivers to make room for you.
Before you return to the driving lane, be sure to leave enough room between yourself and Before you return to the driving lane, be sure to leave enough room between yourself and the car you have passed.
the car you have passed. One way to do this is One way to do this is to wait until you see the to wait until you see the car in the rearviewcar in the rearview mirror. When you can see the car, you have enough time to return to the driving lane.
mirror. When you can see the car, you have enough time to return to the driving lane.
Signs and Markings.
Signs and Markings. Yellow road markings divideYellow road markings divide lanes of traffic going in opposite directions. Many lanes of traffic going in opposite directions. Many roads have lane markings that tell when you cannot roads have lane markings that tell when you cannot see far enough to pass.
see far enough to pass.
Maine law requires that you complete a pass Maine law requires that you complete a pass before you reach the beginning of a no passing zone.
before you reach the beginning of a no passing zone.
You should not pass when there is a You should not pass when there is a solid center line on your sid
solid center line on your side of the road.e of the road.
You may pass if there is a broken center line on your side of the road. Pass only if there are no You may pass if there is a broken center line on your side of the road. Pass only if there are no
oncoming cars in the passing lanes.
oncoming cars in the passing lanes.
Lane markings and signs can tell
Lane markings and signs can tell you when it is unsafe tyou when it is unsafe to pass. o pass. Only you can tell when it isOnly you can tell when it is safe to pass.
safe to pass.
You may not pass where a yellow pennant NO You may not pass where a yellow pennant NO PASSING ZONE sign appears on the left of the PASSING ZONE sign appears on the left of the road or a rectangular white (regulatory) DO NOT road or a rectangular white (regulatory) DO NOT PASS sign appears on the right of the road.
PASS sign appears on the right of the road.