CONDICIONANTES AMBIENTALES EN GRAN CANARIA CANARIA

métodos numéricos

2.4. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN

2.4.1. CONDICIONANTES AMBIENTALES EN GRAN CANARIA CANARIA

The AFR Primary Fuel Panel is used to monitor AFR system performance. This panel displays engine speed and target Lambda. Also, displayed for both left and right banks are the actual Lambda, primary stepper position, mini-mum and maximini-mum stepper setpoints, stepper operating mode, intake manifold pressure, oxygen and exhaust sen-sor status, and AFR operating mode (automatic or manual). This panel also allows the user to change either bank from automatic to manual mode and adjust stepper position using the arrow buttons.

Figure 3.05-13 AFR Primary Fuel Panel in ESP – Fields 1 through 14

1 2 3

4 5

11 7

[F6] AFR PRIMARY FUEL PANEL DESCRIPTION – REFER TO FIGURE 3.05-13

“Start” This field signals when the engine is in its starting mode and the left bank stepper motor is held at a user-defined start position pro-grammed on the [F8] AFR Setup Panel. When the engine is not in start mode, the field is gray.

“Automatic” This field signals that the ESM AFR system is automatically controlling stepper movement. When the AFR system is not in automatic control, the field is gray.

“Manual” This field signals that the user has selected to be in manual mode. Manual mode allows the user to adjust stepper position using the arrow buttons (<< < > >>). When in manual mode, the AFR system does not perform any automatic stepper adjustments; it will only move stepper position with user adjustment. When the AFR system is not in man-ual mode, the field is gray.

“Intake Mnfld” This field displays the engine’s left bank intake manifold pressure. Units are in-Hg absolute (kPa absolute). If an intake manifold pressure sensor or wiring fault occurs, the status bar beneath this field signals an alarm (turns yellow) and provides a message to fix the sensor or wiring. NOTE:

When a sensor or wiring fault is detected, the field dis-plays a default value, not the actual value.

“Exhaust Temp” This field displays the post-turbine, left bank, exhaust temperature.

Units are °F (°C). If an exhaust sensor or wiring fault occurs, the status bar beneath this field signals an alarm (turns yellow) and provides a message to fix the sensor or wiring. NOTE: When a sensor or wiring fault is detected, the field displays a default value, not the actual value.

“Actual Lambda” This field displays actual Lambda. Lambda is equal to the amount of air present relative to that of a stoichiometric mixture. For example, a Lambda of 1.0000 is equal to an air/fuel ratio of approximately 16:1. Slightly rich of stoichiome-try, or a Lambda of 0.995, is the typical setpoint of cat-alyst engines.

“Min Position” This field displays the minimum left bank stepper position that is programmed on the [F8] AFR Setup Panel. The value displayed is the minimum stepper motor position at the engine’s cur-rent intake manifold pressure level.

“Max Position” This field displays the maxi-mum left bank stepper position that is pro-grammed on the [F8] AFR Setup Panel. The value displayed is the maximum stepper motor position at the engine’s current intake manifold pressure level.

“Check Box for Left Bank Manual Mode” This field allows the user to change the AFR system mode of operation on the engine’s left bank from auto-matic to manual mode. Normally the AFR system operates in automatic mode; however, the user can click the check box changing the system to manual mode. Manual mode allows the user to adjust stepper position using the arrow buttons on the panel. When changed into manual mode, the AFR system does not perform any automatic stepper adjustments; it will only move stepper position with user adjustment. Check mark is ON; no check mark is OFF.

“Primary Left Stepper Position” This field dis-plays the current position of the left bank step-per motor.

“Arrow Buttons” and “Home” The AFR sys-tem must be in manual mode for the user to use the left bank arrow buttons. The double arrow buttons (<< >>) move the stepper motor up or down in 400-step increments. The single arrow buttons (< >) move the stepper motor up or down in 25-step increments.

The home button moves the stepper motor to the home position and then back to the start position only when the engine is not running. If the user clicks on the home button while the engine is running, an error message appears.

“Oxygen Sensor” This field displays the volt-age of the left bank oxygen sensor. If an oxygen sensor or wiring fault occurs, the status bar beneath this field signals an alarm (turns yellow) and provides a message to fix the sensor or wiring. NOTE: When a sensor or wiring fault is detected, the field displays a default value, not the actual value.

“Engine Speed” This field displays current engine speed (rpm).

“Target Lambda” This field displays the target Lambda setpoint the AFR system is adjusting the stepper position to maintain. The target Lambda is based on a Waukesha-calibrated value and a user off-set programmed on the [F8] AFR Setup Panel.

[F6] AFR PRIMARY FUEL PANEL DESCRIPTION

Figure 3.05-14 AFR Primary Fuel Panel in ESP – Fields 15 through 26

15 16 17

18 19

22 23

25 20

[F6] AFR PRIMARY FUEL PANEL DESCRIPTION – REFER TO FIGURE 3.05-14

“Start” This field signals when the engine is in its starting mode and the right bank stepper motor is held at a user-defined start position pro-grammed on the [F8] AFR Setup Panel. When the engine is not in start mode, the field is gray.

“Automatic” This field signals that the ESM AFR system is automatically controlling stepper movement. When the AFR system is not in automatic control, the field is gray.

“Exhaust Temp” This field displays the post-tur-bine, right bank, exhaust temperature. Units are

°F (°C). If an exhaust sensor or wiring fault occurs, the status bar beneath this field signals an alarm (turns yellow) and provides the user a message to fix the sen-sor or wiring. NOTE: When a sensen-sor or wiring fault is detected, the field displays a default value, not the actual value.

“Intake Mnfld” This field displays the engine’s right bank intake manifold pressure. Units are in-Hg absolute (kPa absolute). If an intake manifold pressure sensor or wiring fault occurs, the status bar beneath this field signals an alarm (turns yellow) and provides the user a message to fix the sensor or wiring.

NOTE: When a sensor or wiring fault is detected, the field displays a default value, not the actual value.

“Check Box For Right Bank Manual Mode”

This field allows the user to change the AFR sys-tem mode of operation on the engine’s right bank from automatic to manual mode. Normally the AFR system operates in automatic mode; however, the user can click the check box changing the system to manual mode. Manual mode allows the user to adjust stepper position using the arrow buttons on the panel. When changed into manual mode, the AFR system does not perform any automatic stepper adjustments; it will only move stepper position with user adjustment. Check mark is ON; no check mark is OFF.

“Min Position” This field displays the minimum right bank stepper position that is programmed on the [F8] AFR Setup Panel. The value displayed is the minimum stepper motor position at the engine’s current intake manifold pressure level.

“Max Position” This field displays the maximum right bank stepper position that is programmed on the [F8] AFR Setup Panel. The value displayed is the maximum stepper motor position at the engine’s current intake manifold pressure level.

“Oxygen Sensor” This field displays the volt-age of the right bank oxygen sensor. If an oxy-gen sensor or wiring fault occurs, the status bar beneath this field signals an alarm (turns yellow) and provides the user a message to fix the sensor or wiring.

NOTE: When a sensor or wiring fault is detected, the field displays a default value, not the actual value.

“Primary Right Stepper Position” This field displays the current position of the right bank stepper motor.

“Arrow Buttons” and “Home” The AFR sys-tem must be in manual mode for the user to use the right bank arrow buttons. The double arrow buttons (<< >>) move the stepper motor up or down in 400-step increments. The single arrow buttons (< >) move the stepper motor up or down in 25-step increments. The home button moves the stepper motor to the home position and then back to the start position only when the engine is not running. If the user clicks on the home button while the engine is running, an error message appears.

Field descriptions continued on next page...

[F6] AFR PRIMARY FUEL PANEL DESCRIPTION

Figure 3.05-15 AFR Primary Fuel Panel in ESP – Fields 27 through 30

27 28 29

[F6] AFR PRIMARY FUEL PANEL DESCRIPTION – REFER TO FIGURE 3.05-15

“Stop Editing – Currently Editing” This but-ton must be clicked prior to editing programma-ble (dark blue) fields in ESP. Clicking this button puts ESP in “editing mode.” The user will not be able to enter new values if ESP is not in editing mode. While in editing mode, the button will read “Stop Editing – Cur-rently Editing.” When the editing mode is off, the button will read “Start Editing.” See Section 3.10 ESP Pro-gramming “Basic ProPro-gramming in ESP” for more infor-mation.

“Save to ECU” This button is used to save pro-grammed values to NVRAM (permanent mem-ory) in the ECU. Changes saved to permanent memory will not be lost if power to the ECU is removed. See Section 3.10 ESP Programming “Saving to Permanent Memory” for more information. NOTE: Programmed values not saved to permanent memory are stored in RAM (temporary memory). When values are in RAM, ESP can be closed and the PC disconnected from the ECU while keeping all changes; however, changes will be lost if power to the ECU is removed or when the engine is shut down.

“Undo Last Change” This button allows the user to reset the last change made while in edit-ing mode back to the programmed parameter that was last saved to permanent memory (NVRAM) in the ECU.

“Undo All Changes” This button allows the user to reset all the programmable fields back to the programmed parameters that were last saved to permanent memory (NVRAM) in the ECU.

In document Contribuciones al estudio de los tajinastes, biología reproductiva, morfología, divesidad genética y estado de conservación de algunos endemismos canarios del género Echium L. (página 43-51)