The supported housing study group would like to thank the staff of our funding body, the NIDRR for their support of this undertaking including our project officer, Pimjai
Sudsawad. In addition, during the startup of the grant out panel of consultants was invaluable in reviewing versions of the rigor and meaning rating scales. Those
individuals included: David Chambers, Karen Hart, Gwen Gillenwater, Charlie Lakin, Nancy Koroloff, Kathy Martinez, Jerry Parker, John Stone, Alexis Henry, John
Salzer, Judith Cook, Lisa Razzano, Krista Kutash, Nancy Koroloff, Fabricio Balcazar, Judi Chamberlin, and Ken Duckworth.
Finally, the housing experts we consulted were helpful in insuring that we consulted all of the relevant literature and gave generously of their time to assist this systematic review.
The study group would also like to thank the staff of NCDDR including John Westbrook and Joann Starks for their efforts to further the use of systematic reviews by disability researchers.
No study group member has a conflict of interest in this area of supported housing. The Center does not have a supported housing grant at this time and no individual has a fiduciary interest in the delivery of supported housing services.
V. REFERENCES
*Articles excluded from the narrative synthesis after rating for quality due to low methodology scores.
†Articles used only as background information for the narrative synthesis.
Bolton, C. (2005). Helping the homeless: Program evaluation of Philadelphia's supportive housing program. Dissertation abstracts international: Section B: The Sciences and
Engineering, 66(5-B), 2810.
Burnam, A., Morton, S., McGlynn, E., Petersen, L., Stecher, B., Hayes, C., & Vaccaro, J.V. (1995). An experimental evaluation of residential and nonresidential for dually diagnosed homeless adults: The effectiveness of social interventions for homeless substance abusers. Journal of Addiction Disorders, 14(4), 111-134.
Casper, E., & Clark, D. (2004). Service utilization, incidents, and hospitalizations among people with mental illnesses and incarceration histories in supportive housing program.
Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 28(2), 181-184.
Cheng, A., Lin, H., Kasprow, W., & Rosenheck, R.A. (2007). Impact of supported housing on clinical outcomes: Analysis of a randomized trial using multiple imputation technique. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195(1), 83-88.
†Chilvers, R., Macdonald. G.M., & Hayes, A.A. (2006). Supported housing for people with severe mental disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD000453. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000453.pub2.
Clark, C., & Rich, A. (2003). Outcomes of homeless adults with mental illness in a housing program and in case management only. Psychiatric Services, 54(1), 78-83. Cooper, B.K., & Pearce, A.A. (1996). The short-term effects of relocation on continuing
care clients with a psychiatric disability. Research on Social Work Practice, 6(2), 179- 192.
Culhane, D.P., Metraux, S., & Hadley, T. (2001). The impact of supportive housing for
homeless people with severe mental illness on the utilization of the public health, corrections, and emergency shelter systems: The New York-New York initiative.
Washington, DC: Fannie Mae Foundation.
Culhane, D.P., Metraux, S., & Hadley, T. (2002). Public service reductions associated with placement of homeless persons with severe mental illness in supportive housing.
Housing Policy Debate, 13(1), 107-163.
*Depla, M., De Graaf, R., Busschbach, J., & Heeren, T. (2003). Community integration of elderly mentally ill persons in psychiatric hospitals and two types of residences.
Psychiatric Services, 54(5), 730-735.
*Depla. M., De Graaf, R., & Heeren, T. (2005). Does supported living in residential homes improve the quality of life and mental stability of older adults with chronic mental disorder. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(2), 124-133.
*Depla, M.F.I.A., De Graff, R., & Heeren, T (2006). The relationship between characteristics of supported housing and the quality of life of older adults with severe mental illness. Aging & Mental Health, 10(6), 592-598.
*Dewees, M., Pulice, R.T., & McCormick, L. L. (1996). Community integration of former state hospital patients: Outcomes of a policy shift in Vermont. Psychiatric
Services, 47(10), 1088-1092.
Dickey, B., Gonzalez, O., Latimer, E., Powers, K., Schutt, R., & Goldfinger, S.M. (1996). Use of mental health services by formerly homeless adults residing in group and
independent housing. Psychiatric Services, 47(2), 152-158.
Dickey, B., Latimer, E., Powers, K., Gonzalez, O., & Goldfinger, S.M. (1997). Housing costs for adults who are mentally ill and fomerly homeless. Journal of Mental Health
Administration, 24(3), 291-305.
*Donnelly, M., McGilloway, S., Mays, N., Knapp, M., Kavanagh, S., Beecham, J. et al. (1996). Leaving hospital: One and two-year outcomes of long-stay psychiatric patients discharged to the community. Journal of Mental Health, 5(3), 245-255.
†Fakhoury, W., Murray, A., Shepherd, G., & S. Priebe (2002). Research in Supported Housing. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37(7), 301-315.
†Farkas, M., & Anthony, W., (2008). Standards for Rating the Meaning of Disability
†Farkas, M., Rogers, E., & Anthony, W., (2008). Systematic review procedures for rating
the rigor and the meaning of disability research. MA: Boston University, Center for
Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Fletcher, T.D., Cunningham, J.L.,Calsyn, R.J., Morse, G.A., & Klinkenberg, W.D. (2008). Evaluation of treatment programs for dual disorder individuals: Modeling longitudinal and mediation effects. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and
Mental Health Services Research, 35(4), 319-336.
Goering, P., Wasylenki D., Lindsay, S., Lemire, D., & Rhodes, A. (1997). Process and outcome in hostel outreach program for homeless clients with severe mental illness.
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67(4), 607-617.
Goldfinger, S., & Schutt, R. (1996). Comparison of clinicians' housing recommendations and preferences of homeless mentally ill persons. Psychiatric Services, 47(4), 413-415. Goldfinger, S.M., Schutt, R.K., Tolomiczenko, G.S., Seidman, L., Penk, W.E., Turner, W. et al. (1999). Housing placement and subsequent days homeless among formerly homeless adults with mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 50(5), 647-679.
Greenwood, R.M., Schaefer-McDaniel, N., Winkel, G., & Tsemberis, S. (2005). Decreasing psychiatric symptoms by increasing choice in services for adults with histories of homelessness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36(3-4), 223- 238.
Gulcur, L., Stefancic, A., Shinn, M., Tsemberis, S., & Fischer, S.N. (2003). Housing, hospitalization, and cost outcomes for homeless individuals with psychiatric disabilities participating in continuum of care and Housing First programmes. Journal of Community
& Applied Social Psychology, 13(2), 171-186.
Hanrahan, P., Luchins, D., Savage, C., & Goldman, H. (2001). Housing satisfaction and service use by mentally ill persons in community integrated living arrangements.
Psychiatric Services, 52(9), 1206-1209.
Hanrahan, P., McCoy, M., Cloninger, L., Dincin, J., Zeitz, M., Simpatico, T. et al. (2005). The mothers' project for homeless mothers with mental illnesses and their children: A pilot study. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28(3), 291-294.
Harkness, J., Newman, S., & Salkever, D. (2004). The cost effectiveness of independent housing for the chronically mentally ill: Do housing and neighborhood features matter?
Health Services Research, 39(5), 1341-1360.
Hurlburt, M.S., Hough, R.L., & Wood, P.A. (1996). Effects of substance abuse on housing stability of homeless mentally ill persons in supported housing. Psychiatric
Hurlburt, M., Wood, PA., & Hough, R.L. (1996). Providing independent housing for the homeless mentally ill: A novel approach to evaluating long-term longitudinal housing patterns. Journal of Community Psychology, 24(3), 291-310.
Jarbrink, K., Hallam, A., & Knapp, M. (2001). Costs and outcomes management in supported housing. Journal of Mental Health, 10(1), 99-108.
Kallert, T., Leisse, M., & Winiecki, P. (2007). Comparing the effectiveness of different types of supported housing for patients with chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Public
Health, 15(1), 29-42.
Kasprow, W., Rosenheck, R., Frisman, L., & DiLella, D. (2000). Referral and housing processes in a long-term supported housing program for homeless veterans. Psychiatric
Services, 51(8), 1017-1023.
Kenny, D.A., Calsyn, R.J., Morse, G.A., Klinkenberg, W.D., Winter, J.P., & Trusty, M. L. (2004). Evaluation of treatment programs for persons with severe mental illness: Moderator and mediator effects. Evaluation Review, 28(4), 294-324.
Lehman, A.F., Dixon, L.B., Kernan, E., DeForge, B.R., & Postrado, L.T. (1997). A randomized trial of assertive community treatment for homeless persons with severe mental iIlness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(11), 1038-1043.
Lipton, F.R., Nutt, S., & Sabatini, A. (1988). Housing the homeless mentally ill: A longitudinal study of a treatment approach. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 39(1), 40-45.
Lipton, F., Siegel, C., Hannigan, A., Samuels, J., & Baker, S. (2000). Tenure in
supportive housing for homeless persons with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 51(4), 479-486.
Mares, A.S., Kasprow, W.J., & Rosenheck, R.A. (2004). Outcomes of supported housing for homeless veterans with psychiatric and substance abuse problem. Mental Health
Services Research, 6(4), 199-211.
Mares, A.R., & Rosenheck, R.A. (2004). One-year housing arrangements among homeless adults with serious mental illness in the ACCESS program. Psychiatric
Services, 55(5), 566-574.
Martinez, T.E., & Burt, M.R. (2006). Impact of permanent supportive housing on the use of acute care health services by homeless adults. Psychiatric Services, 57(7), 992-999. *McCarthy, J., & Nelson, G. (1993). An evaluation of supportive housing: Qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 12(1), 157-173.
McHugo, G.J., Bebout, R.R., Harris, M., Cleghorn, S., Herring, G., Xie, H. et al. (2004). A randomized control trial of integrated versus parallel housing services for homeless adults with severe mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(4), 969-982.
Middelboe, T. (1997). Prospective study of clinical and social outcome of stay in small group homes for people with mental illness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151(1), 251- 255.
Middelboe, T., Mackeprang, T., Thalsgaard, A., & Christiansen, P.B. (1998). A support programme for the mentally ill: Need profile and satisfaction among users. Acta
Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 98, 321-327.
Minsky, S., Riesser, G.G., & Duffy, M. (1995). The eye of the beholder: Housing
preferences of inpatients and their treatment teams. Psychiatric Services, 46(2), 173-176. *Morse, G.A., Calsyn, R.J., Allen, G, & Kenny, D.A. (1994). Helping homeless mentally ill people: What variables mediate and moderate program effects? American Journal of
Community Psychology, 22(5), 661-683.
Morse, G.A., Calsyn, R.J., Klinkenberg, W.D., Helminiak, T.W., Wolff, N., Drake, R.E. et al. (2006). Treating homeless clients with severe mental illness and substance use disorders: Costs and outcomes. Community Mental Health Journal, 42(4), 377-404. Morse, G.A., Calsyn, R.J., Klinkenberg, W.D., Trusty, M.L, Gerber, F., Smith, R. et al. (1997). An experimental comparison of three types of case management for homeless mentally ill persons. Psychiatric Services, 48(4), 497-503.
Nelson, G., Hall, B., & Forchuk, C. (2003). Current and preferred housing of psychiatric consumers/ survivors. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 22(1), 5-19. *Nelson, G., Hall, G.B., & Walsh-Bowers, R. (1997). A comparative evaluation of supportive apartments, group homes, and board-and-care homes for psychiatric consumer / survivors. Journal of Community Psychology, 25(2), 167-188.
Nelson, G., Hall, G.B., & Walsh-Bowers, R. (1998). The relationship between housing characteristics, emotional well-being and the personal empowerment of psychiatric consumer/ survivors. Community Mental Health Journal, 34(1), 57-69.
*Nelson, G., Sylvestre, J., Aubry, T., George, L., & Trainor, J. (2007). Housing choice and control, housing quality, and control over professional support as contributors to the subjective quality of life and community adaptation of people with severe mental illness.
Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 34(2),
89-100.
*Nelson, G., Wiltshire, C., Hall, C.B., Peirson, L., & Walsh-Bowers, R. (1995).
Journal of Community Psychology, 23(3), 216-233.
†Newman, S.J. (2001a). Housing and mental illness: A critical review of the literature. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
†Newman, S.J. (2001b). Housing attributes and serious mental illness: Implications for research and practice. Psychiatric Services, 52(10), 1309-1317.
Newman, S.J., Reschovsky, J.D., Kaneda, K., & Hendrick, A.M. (1994). The effects of independent living on persons with chronic mental illness: An assessment of the Section 8 certificate program. Milbank Quarterly, 72(1), 171-198.
O'Connell M.J., Kasprow, W., & Rosenheck, R.A. (2008). Rates and risk factors for homelessness after successful housing in a sample of formerly homeless veterans.
Psychiatric Services, 59(3), 268-275.
O'Connell, M., Rosenheck, R., Kasprow, W., & Frisman, L. (2006). An examination of fulfilled housing preferences and quality of life among homeless persons with mental illness and/or substance use disorders. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and
Research, 33(3), 354-365.
Padgett, D.K., Gulcur, L. & Tsemberis, S. (2006). Housing First services for people who are homeless with co-occurring serious mental illness and substance abuse. Research on
Social Work Practice, 16(1), 74-83.
Pearson, C., Locke, G., Montgomery, A., & Buron, L. (2007). The applicability of
Housing First models to homeless persons with serious mental illness. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research.
*Pilisuk, M. (2001). A job and a home: Social networks and the integration of the
mentally disabled in the community. American Journal of Orthapsychiatry, 71(1), 49-60. Pollio, D., Spitznagel, E., North, C., Thompson, S., & Foster, D. (2000). Service use over time and achievement of stable housing in a mentally ill homeless population. Psychiatric
Services, 51(12), 1536-1543.
†Rog, D. (2004). The Evidence on Supported Housing. Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Journal, 27(4), 334-344.
†Rog, D. J., Holupka, C.S., & Brito, M.C. (1996). The impact of housing on health: Examining supportive housing for individuals with mental illness. Current Issues in
Public Health, 2(), 153-160.
†Rogers, E., Farkas, M., Anthony, W., & Kash, M, (2008). Standards for Rating
MA: Boston University, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation.
Rosenheck, R., Lam, J., Morrissey, J.P., Calloway, M.O., Stolar, M., & Randolph, F. (2002). Service systems integration and outcomes for mentally ill homeless persons in the ACCESS Program. Psychiatric Services, 53(8), 958-966.
Rosenheck, R., Morrissey, J., Lam, J., Calloway, M., Johnsen, M., Goldman, H. et al. (1998). Service system integration, access to services, and housing outcomes in a program for homeless persons with severe mental illness. American Journal of Public
Health, 88(11), 1610-1615.
Rosenheck, R., Kasprow, W., Frisman, L., & Liu-Mares, W. (2003). Cost-effectiveness of supported housing for homeless persons with mental illness. Archives of General
Psychiatry, 60(9), 940-951.
Rosenheck, R. A., & Dennis, D. (2001). Time-limited assertive community treatment for homeless persons with severe mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(11), 1073-1080.
Rosenheck, R. A., & Lam, J. (1997a). Homeless mentally ill clients' and providers' perceptions of service needs and clients' use of services. Psychiatric Services, 48(3), 381- 386.
Rosenheck, R., & Lam, J. (1997b). Individual and community-level variation in intensity and diversity of service utilization by homeless persons with serious mental illness.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185(10), 633-638.
Rosenheck, R., Morrissey, J., Lam, J., Calloway, M., Stolar, M., Johnsen, M. et al. (2001). Services delivery and community: Social capital, service systems integration, and outcomes among homeless persons with severe mental illness. Health Services Research, 36(4), 691-710.
Sacks S., De Leon, G., Sacks, J.Y., McKendrick, K., & Brown, B.S. (2003). TC-oriented supported housing for homeless MICAs. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 35(3), 355-366. Schutt, R. K., & Goldfinger, S.M. (1996). Housing preferences and perceptions of health and functioning among homeless mentally ill persons. Psychiatric Services, 47(4), 381- 386.
Schutt, R.K., Goldfinger, S.M., & Penk, W.E. (1997). Satisfaction with residence and with life: When homeless mentally ill persons are housed. Evaluation and Program
Planning, 20(2), 185-194.
*Seilheimer, T., & Doyal, G. (1996). Self-efficacy and consumer satisfaction with housing. Community Mental Health Journal, 32(6), 549-559.
Shepherd, G., Muijen, M., Dean, R., & Cooney, M. (1996). Residential care in hospital and in the community: Quality of care and quality of life. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168(4), 448-456.
Shern, D.L., Felton, C.J., Hough, R.L., Lehman, A.F., Goldfinger, S., Valencia, E. et al. (1997). Housing outcomes for homeless adults with mental illness: Results from the Second-Round McKinney Program. Psychiatric Services, 48(2), 239-241.
Shern, D.L., Tsemberis, S., Anthony, W., Lovell, A., Richmond, L., Felton, C. et al. (2000). Serving street-dwelling individuals with psychiatric disabilities: Outcomes of a psychiatric rehabilitation clinical trial. American Journal of Public Health, 90(12), 1873- 1878.
Siegel, C.E., Samuels, J., Tang, D., Berg, I., Jones, K., & Hopper, K. (2006). Tenant outcomes in supported housing and community residences in New York city. Psychiatric
Services, 57(7), 982-991.
Srebnik, D., Livingston, J., Gordon, L., & King, D. (1995). Housing choice and
community success for individuals with serious and persistent mental illness. Community
Mental Health Journal, 31(2), 139-152.
Stefancic, A., & Tsemberis, S. (2007). Housing First for long-term shelter dwellers with psychiatric disabilities in a suburban county: A four-year study of housing access and retention. Journal of Primary Prevention, 28(3-4), 265-279.
Susser, E., Valencia, E., Conover, S., Felix, A., Tsai, W., & Wyatt, J. (1997). Preventing recurrent homelessness among mentally ill men: A "critical time" intervention after discharge from a shelter. American Journal of Public Health, 87(2), 256-262. Tsemberis, S. (1999). From streets to homes: An innovative approach to supported housing for homeless adults with psychiatric disabilities. Journal of Community
Psychology, 27(2), 225-241.
Tsemberis, S., & Eisenberg, R.F. (2000). Pathways to housing: Supported housing for street-dwelling homeless individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Services, 51(4), 487-493.
Tsemberis, S., Gulcur, L., & Nakae, M. (2004). Housing First, consumer choice, and harm reduction for homeless individuals with a dual diagnosis. American Journal of
Public Health, 94(4), 651-656.
Wolff, N., Helminiak, T., Morse, G., Calsyn, R., Klinkenberg, D., & Trusty, M. (1997). Cost-effectiveness evaluation of three approaches to case management for homeless mentally ill clients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(3), 341-348.
residential outcomes of supported independent living programs for persons with serious mental illness. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31(4), 416-426.
Yanos, P., Felton, B., Tsemberis, S., & Frye, V. (2007). Exploring the role of housing type, neighborhood characteristics, and lifestyle factors in the community integration of formerly homeless persons diagnosed with mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 16(6), 703-717.