Configuración del abuso del derecho a litigar

he instructional staff of a district or school comprises classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, librarians, guidance and psychological personnel, and related instructional workers. This category often is used to describe the total public school staff involved most directly with students and their education. Instructional staff figures for 2013–14 are shown in Summary Table E. Figures for 2014–15 are shown in Table F.

Total Instructional Staff

The total instructional staff in 2014–15 is estimated at 3,548,311. This is a change of -11,956, or -0.3 percent, compared to the revised estimate of 3,560,267 staff members in 2013–14. Estimates of the number of classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, and other instructional staff are shown in Table 3.1. According to estimates for 2014–15, the -0.3 percent decrease in instructional staff over the previous year represents a change of -0.5% for elementary teachers and a change of -0.2% for secondary teachers. The trend in total instructional staff over the period is shown in Table 3.2.

Classroom Teachers

The 10-year trend in the number of elementary and secondary school classroom teachers — indicating changes over time as local districts respond to supply and demand factors — is featured in Table 3.3.

The number of elementary school classroom teachers is estimated to be 1,859,685 in 2014–15, a one-year change of -0.5 percent compared to the revised estimate of 1,869,134 for 2013–14. The elementary school classroom teaching staff experienced a net increase of 3.4 percent since 2004–05. The number of classroom teachers at the secondary level is estimated to be 1,249,768 for 2014–15. This is a change of -0.2 percent over the revised estimate of 1,252,793 for 2013–14. Since 2004–05, the number of secondary school teachers changed -1.9 percent.

Elementary school classroom teachers 1,869,134 1,859,685 Secondary school classroom teachers 1,252,793 1,249,768 Total classroom teachers 3,121,926 3,109,453 Nonsupervisory instructional staff 245,055 244,649 Principals and supervisors 193,285 194,208 Total staff 3,560,267 3,548,311

Table 3.1

2013–14 2014–15

Total Instructional Staff, 2013–14 and 2014–15

Instructional Staff

T

Instructional Staff 75 2004–05 3,509,474 — 1.3 2005–06 3,554,553 1.3 1.3 2006–07 3,607,666 2.8 1.5 2007–08 3,653,371 4.1 1.3 2008–09 3,670,232 4.6 0.5 2009–10 3,659,392 4.3 –0.3 2010–11 3,626,786 3.3 –0.9 2011–12 3,521,790 0.4 –2.9 2012–13 3,552,803 1.2 0.9 2013–14 3,560,267 1.4 0.2 2014–15 3,548,311 1.1 –0.3 Table 3.2

Ten-Year Trend in Total Instructional Staff, 2005–15

School year Instructional staff From 2004–05 From previous year Percentage change

The total number of classroom teachers is estimated to change by -12,473 for 2014–15 over the revised total of 3,121,926 for 2013–14.

Instructional Staff Salaries

Increasingly, salary and benefit levels are becoming prominent in discussions of education reform.

2004–05 1,799,032 1,273,457 3,072,489 2005–06 1,809,549 1,311,288 3,120,838 2006–07 1,826,055 1,325,111 3,151,166 2007–08 1,847,852 1,335,345 3,183,197 2008–09 1,875,676 1,331,714 3,207,390 2009–10 1,863,276 1,325,016 3,188,291 2010–11 1,855,667 1,301,873 3,157,540 2011–12 1,860,082 1,240,694 3,100,776 2012–13 1,865,100 1,256,052 3,121,152 2013–14 1,869,134 1,252,793 3,121,926 2014–15 1,859,685 1,249,768 3,109,453 Table 3.3

Ten-Year Trend in Total Number of Classroom Teachers, 2005–15

School year Elementary school Secondary school Total

Classroom teachers

Complex issues involving the recruitment and retention of qualified education personnel have focused on the competitiveness and career earnings potential of salaries in education compared with salaries in the private sector. Undoubtedly, statistics on salaries for classroom teachers and other instructional staff will be evaluated

continuously, particularly in states and school districts where instructional staff members are difficult to retain for long periods. It is important to note that vast differences in staff salaries are not apparent in statewide averages, which can hide as much as they reveal; therefore, users of these data must recognize their limitations.

76 Estimates of School Statistics 2015

In addition, compensation systems at the district level include more than salaries alone. Unfortunately, it is difficult to quantify and categorize the employee benefits — both monetary and nonmonetary — associated with public school employment. Add the fact that each state is made up of individual school-district employers and it becomes apparent that salary statistics alone should not be the basis for evaluating state or district compensation. Further, any discussion of average salary figures in the absence of other data about the specific state or district provides limited insights into the actual “value” of those salaries. For example, variations in the cost of living may go a long way toward explaining (and, in practice, offsetting) differences in salary levels from one area of the country to another.

The national average instructional staff salary for 2014–15 is estimated to be $59,391, and the revised estimate for the prior year is $58,486 (Table 3.4). The gain of $905 between 2013–14 and 2014–15 represents an increase of 1.5 percent. These average salary figures are for the entire instructional staff

— classroom teachers, principals, supervisors, and other instructional personnel. In the computation of the national average, each state average is weighted by its number of instructional staff members. Average salary figures are listed by state and region in Summary Table G.

The average salary per member of the instructional staff in 2014–15, estimated at $59,391, is an increase of $10,256 in current dollars over the average salary of $49,135 reported for 2004–05. Taking inflation into account, however, shows that over the period from 2004–05 to 2014–15 (based on Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers; 2005 = 100.0), the instructional staff salary changed -$1,225, or -2.5 percent.

Classroom Teacher Salaries

The U.S. average classroom teacher salary is estimated to be $57,379 for the 2014–15 school year. This amount represents an increase of 1.4 percent in current dollars over the revised figure of $56,610 in 2013–14. 2004–05 49,135 — 1.9 2005–06 50,648 3.1 3.1 2006–07 52,623 7.1 3.9 2007–08 54,691 11.3 3.9 2008–09 56,208 14.4 2.8 2009–10 56,954 15.9 1.3 2010–11 57,303 16.6 0.6 2011–12 57,119 16.2 –0.3 2012–13 57,793 17.6 1.2 2013–14 58,486 19.0 1.2 2014–15 59,391 20.9 1.5 Table 3.4

Ten–Year Trend in Average Instructional Staff Salary, 2005–15

School year instructional staff salary From 2004–05 From previous year

Instructional Staff 77

Figure 3.1 highlights the differences between the average classroom teacher salary in current versus constant dollars. The current-dollar increases over the years since 1994–95 appear substantial — from $36,675 in 1994–95 to $57,379 in 2014–15 — an increase of $20,704 in unadjusted terms. But when the effects of price inflation are taken into account, the average teacher salary changes by -$399 or -1.1 percent, over the 20-year period from 1994–95 to 2014–15.

Estimated average salaries paid to classroom teachers in 2014–15 vary from a low of $40,661 to a high of $77,628. Average salaries of classroom teachers for the 50 states and the District of Columbia are distributed as shown in Figure 3.2.

Differences in salary levels between elementary and secondary teachers are usually the result of factors (such as average teacher experience and educational attainment) that vary from state to state and district to district. It should not be assumed that elementary classroom teachers are paid more or less than secondary classroom teachers strictly on the basis of what grade level they teach (Table 3.5). Elementary school teachers are expected to earn an average salary of $57,225 in 2014–15, an increase of 1.5 percent over the revised estimate of $56,395 for 2013–14. The average salary for secondary teachers is estimated to be $57,609, a 1.3 percent increase over the previous year’s value of $56,886.

Figure 3.1

Average Classroom Teacher Salary, 1995–2015 ($'000)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Year D ol lars (' 000)

Current dollars 2005 dollars

In 2014–15, the salary in the state with the highest average annual salary of classroom teachers is expected to be 90.9 percent higher than that in the state with the lowest salary. The dollar gap has grown from $24,416 in 2004–05 to $36,966 in 2014–15.

Table 3.6 shows the percentage increase in classroom teacher salaries for this year compared with 2004–05 and for each year in the range compared with the previous year.

78 Estimates of School Statistics 2015

Figure 3.2

Distribution of Average Classroom Teacher Salaries, 2015

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 < 44 44– 45.9 46– 47.9 48– 49.9 50– 51.9 52– 53.9 54– 55.9 56– 57.9 58– 59.9 60– 61.9 62– 63.9 > 64

Salary range ($ thousands)

N um ber of s tates paying 2004–05 47,122 47,688 47,516 2005–06 48,579 49,492 49,088 2006–07 50,834 51,650 51,142 2007–08 52,497 53,443 52,963 2008–09 53,988 54,880 54,354 2009–10 54,925 55,597 55,225 2010–11 55,160 56,436 55,586 2011–12 55,194 55,912 55,522 2012–13 55,815 56,648 56,065 2013–14 56,395 56,886 56,610 2014–15 57,225 57,609 57,379 Table 3.5

Ten–Year Trend in Average Annual Salaries for Public School Classroom Teachers, 2005–15

All Secondary

Elementary School year

Instructional Staff 79 2004–05 — — — 2.0 1.5 2.1 2005–06 3.1 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.8 3.3 2006–07 7.9 8.3 7.6 4.6 4.4 4.2 2007–08 11.4 12.1 11.5 3.3 3.5 3.6 2008–09 14.6 15.1 14.4 2.8 2.7 2.6 2009–10 16.6 16.6 16.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 2010–11 17.1 18.3 17.0 0.4 1.5 0.7 2011–12 17.1 17.2 16.8 0.1 –0.9 –0.1 2012–13 18.4 18.8 18.0 1.1 1.3 1.0 2013–14 19.7 19.3 19.1 1.0 0.4 1.0 2014–15 21.4 20.8 20.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 Table 3.6

Ten-Year Trend in Percentage Change in Average Annual Salaries for Public School Classroom Teachers, 2005–15

School year Elementary Secondary All From 2004–05

Percentage change

All From previous year

Secondary Elementary

80