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Defi nition
Folium cum Flore Crataegi consists of the dried fl ower-bearing branches of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Lindm), C. laevigata (Poir.) DC, their hy- brids or, more rarely, other Crataegus species (Rosaceae).1
Synonyms
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Lindm): C. apiifolia Medik. non Michx., C. Oxyacantha L. ssp. monogyna Lev., Mespilus elegans Poir., M. monogyna
All., M. Monogyna Ehrh. (3).
Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC: C. oxyacantha L., C. oxyacantha L.
ssp. Polygala Lev., C. oxyacanthoides Thuill, Mespilus oxyacantha (Gartn.) Crantz. (1, 3, 4).
Selected vernacular names
Aubeline, aubepine, biancospino, calabrice, calavrice, eenarijlige meidorn, eenstijlige meidorn, eingriffeliger Weissdorn, Einkern-Weissdorn, épine blanche, espinero, espino blanco, espino majuelo, galagonya virágzó ágvég, hagdorn, hagedorn, harthorne, haw, hawthorn, hedge thorn, majuelo, may, May thorn, Mehlbeerbaum, Mehldorn, seiyosanzashi, shanzha, sorkh valik, spina, Stumpf gelappter Weissdorn, Weissdorn, whitethorn, za bur, zu’rurr el awdiyah, zweigriffeliger Weissdorn, Zweikern-Weissdorn (1, 3, 5–8).
Geographical distribution
Common to the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere, including eastern areas of North America, parts of South America, east Asia and Europe (9, 10).
* Adopted from the volume 2 of WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants.
1 Fructus Crataegi is included in the European pharmacopoeia (1) and in the pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2). However, clinical and pharmacological data for this plant part are insuffi cient to justify monographing at this time.
Description
Crataegus monogyna: a thorny shrub; leaves bright green with 3 or 5 acute
lobes, deeper and further apart than those of C. laevigata. Flowers, grouped into branchy corymbs, have 5 triangular sepals, 5 white petals, and an androecium of 15–20 stamens inserted on the edge of a monocar- pellate, brownish-green receptacle; fl oral peduncles and sepals pubescent, stamen with black anthers and 1 style (1, 9).
Crataegus laevigata: a thorny shrub; twigs glabrescent, brown; leaves
bright green, obovate, with 3, 5 or 7 shallow, obtuse lobes. Flowers, grouped into branchy corymbs, have 5 triangular sepals, 5 white petals, and an androecium of 15–20 stamens inserted on the edge of a bi- or tri- carpellate receptacle; fl oral peduncles and sepals glabrous, stamens with red anthers and 2–3 styles; fruits deep red, globose or ellipsoid (9, 11).