CAPITULO 4: IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA ESTRATEGIA EN EL CASO DE
4.1. CONJUNTO DE VARIABLES Y SUS RELACIONES
4. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) UNIT
(Raw material for the plastics processing industry)
5. CHLOR ALKALI UNIT
(Chlorine and NaOH)
6. DODECYL BENZENE (DDB) UNIT
(Synthetic detergent raw material)
Meanwhile, Auxiliary Facilities and Common Plant Facilities came into operation in this complex*
The Expansion Units
The investment for the projects under consideration amount to 1,042 million T.L# After the operation of these units, PVC and Polyethylene which
are the basic raw materials of the plastics processing industry; high-octane benzene, fuel-oil, LPG and Caustic Soda were introduced on to the market.
Due to the increasing demand for petro-chemical products in Turkey, the
units had to be expanded 100 per cent, and in 1968, connections were made with licensors and engineering firms. The expansion of projects under consideration
yj are covered in the investment programme of 1969, with the exception of DDB. 1
I
The New Projects |
This phase is comprised of caprolactam, acrylonitrile, ABS (acrylonitrile — |
butadiene - styrene units in addition to the carbon black, styrene, polystyrene ,|
I
and synthetic rubber units which are included in the 1968 Annual Programme.
Investments have started for carbon black and synthetic rubber, (SRB, GBR), 1
and butad^iene extraction projects for which licence and engineering agreements g
are completed.
^
Studies are underway for the completion of relevant agreements in connection! with the styrene and polystyrene projects® With the realization of these units,^
•i
materials of synthetic rubber and plastics processing industries# Second Fetro-Chemical Complex
Parallel to the construction of the Yarimca petro-chemical complex
which started in 1966, studies have proceeded in the light of Turkish market demand to increase the number and the capacities of units comprising the complex, so as to satisfy market demands#
As a result of these studies, a petro-chemical complex project was planned which would be large enough for all requirements# However, it has been decided that the site on which the present petro-chemical complex has been constructed would be almost occupied by the units commissioned in 1969 and the units which are,.and which would be, under construction in 1970#
On the other hand, by taking into account the technical and economical problems expected to arise as a result of further expansion of the present complex in the Marmara region, which is one of the most concentrated centres
of industrial development in Turkey, and the rapid development of the market
more than foreseen in the Second Five Year Plan period; the establishment
J
of a second complex having larger capacities has been found to be necessary, j which led to the idea of purchasing land near the present and planned -i refineries* According to the studies, with the realisation of the secondj
complex, which will be comprised of fifteen units, important productsrequired by plastic processing, synthetic fibre and detergent industries will be able to to meet the internal demand#
In the seventh chapter, the three most favourable sites for the second complex will be discussed; Alia^a (Izmir), Samsun, and Mersin#
Conclusion
In this chapter, the function of the petro-chemical industry, the general development of this industry in the world, and in particular the background of the petro-chemical industry in Turkey, have been examined#
As the petro-chemical industry prepares the basic materials for other
industries, to be put into consumer goods, Turkey has waited to erect a
petro-chemical complex until she has reached a certain industrial level# In the next chapter, the location factors of the first Turkish complex of the industry will be analysed#
THE LOCATION, PRODUCTS AND MARKETS
OF THE TURKISH PETRO-CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
SECTION II 4
I
THE CHOICE OP LOCATIONS FOR THE PETRO-CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN TURKEY 1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REQUIREMENTS OF
PETRO-CHEMISTRY AND CONDITIONS IN TURKEY
Human and economic geography investigates the interaction between mankind and the geographical environment# Of course, as is knov/n, industrial
production is an economic activity of human beings, and the location of
economic activity is one of the problems in geography# Every industrial
establishment has a location and has a space in the world; that is, it occupies a portion of the earth’s surface; but some places have been
selected rather than others for specific reasons# The industrial establish ment, like the human population, may be concentrated or dispersed under some
circumstances#
Requirements are not always the same even within one single industry# From country to country or from region to region, differences exist, such as available techniques, labour conditions, size and organisation of the individual firms; general economic and social environment may have corresponding differences in the requirements for good location#
A#- REQUIREMENTS OF PETRO-CHEMISTRY
First of all we should point out that petro—chemistry is an industry which uses petroleum as a chemical raw material and produces raw material
(
for the other branches of industry# In Turkey, unlike some other industries
such as food, beverages and textiles, it required huge investment as a main feature of the petro-chemical industry# Its existence cannot be explained by a small amount of local demand, but its market is most of Turkish
industry and its customer is most of the Turkish population# This very large and wide market may be reached by way of a very good and very effective
transport network# For its many different sorts of products it needs a large enough population, especially where it is built, and at the same time, of course, an industrial integration# A petro-chemical complex needs very skillful cuid technically—trained workers as a feature of this industry#
a 2. WHY THE ISTANBUL AREA WAS CHOSEN FOR LOCATING THE
FIRST PETRO-CHEMIGAL COMPLEX IN TURKEY