Conocimiento de la actividad del cliente

The uniqueness of digital forms makes it easy to create content and keep it up-to-date, but at the same time it raises many difficulties in the preservation of this content. Margaret Hedstrom points out that “digital preservation raises challenges of a fundamentally different nature which are added to the problems of preserving traditional format materials (Hedstrom, 1997).

• Physical Deterioration: According to Hedstrom, the media on which digital contents stand are more vulnerable to deterioration and catastrophic loss. Though deterioration is less evidence as most digital works are electronic, it happens over decades especially on the storage device. The recording media for digital data deteriorate at a much more rapid pace, and once the deterioration starts, in most cases there is already data loss.

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• Digital Obsolescence: this is another challenge when it comes to long-term access. Digital technology is developing extremely fast, and one retrieval and playback technology can become obsolete in a matter of years. When faster, more capable and cheaper storage and processing devices are developed, the older version gets replaced almost immediately. Hence the software and hardware are abandoned and no longer in production, with records likely to get damaged simply because they are not in use anymore.

• Difficulty in Maintaining Authenticity: In many cases of emergent technological advances there are substantial difficulties in maintaining the authenticity and integrity of objects over time. Digital tools these days enable digital editing on the resource content, hence verifying the authenticity of the work is a challenge as they can be manipulated and tampered with.

• Software Adaption and Copyright Issues: For the preservation of software as digital content, a specific challenge is the typically non-availability of the source code as the commercial software which is being preserved is normally distributed in compiled binary form; hence it is difficult to adapt or emulated. Also copyrights attached to the preserved work affects how it is supposed to be used

• Economic Challenges: The economic challenges of digital preservation are also enormous. Preservation programs for digital information require significant upfront investment to create, along with on-going costs for data ingest, data management, data storage, and staffing. And these are not very easy to come by.

4.0 Conclusion

In this unit you have learnt meaning Concept of Preservation of Digital Information. You have to be conversant with Strategies for Preservation of Digital Information. You also have to know the Best Practices for Preservation of Digital Information. You should be able to enumerate the Importance of Preservation of Digital Information and the Challenges of Preservation of Digital Information.

5.0 Summary

In this unit information security management of digital information sources was introduced. The meaning of Information Security Management of Digital Information Sources was dealt with to create awareness to will be librarians on areas in which this can occur in digital libraries. Brief history of Infrastructure required, objectives/ principles, and of course the benefits of Information Security Management of Digital Information Sources were also treated in the section.

6.0 Tutor Marked Assignment

1. Explain the Concept of Preservation of Digital Information.

2. What are the Strategies for Preservation of Digital Information.

3. What are the Best Practices for Preservation of Digital Information.

4. Discuss the Importance of Preservation of Digital Information.

106 5. Enumerate the Challenges of Preservation of Digital Information.

7.0 References/Further Reading

American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (2013). "Resource Center: Caring For Your Treasures". Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2013.

Bodleian Libraries (2021). Introduction to Digital Preservation: What is Digital

Preservation?. Digital Library. Accessed at

https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/digitalpreservation/whatisdp

Casey, M.; Gordon, B. (2007). "Sound Directions: Best Practices for Audio Preservation" . Bloomington: Indiana University and Cambridge: Harvard University. p. 5. Retrieved 30 October 2012.

Conway, Paul. (1994). Digitizing Preservation. Library Journal. 12(1), 42-45.

Council on Library; Information Resources (2006). "Publication 137: Capturing Analog Sound for Digital Preservation: Report of a Roundtable Discussion of Best Practices for Transferring Analog Discs and Tapes". Retrieved 6 September 2012

Digital Audio Working Group. Collaborative Digitization Program (2006). "Digital Audio Best Practices (Version 2.1)" Aurora, Colorado: 4 Retrieved 30 October 2012.

Digital Dilema (2012) The Digital Dilemma 2: Perspectives from Independent Filmmakers, Documentarians and Nonprofit Audiovisual Archives : Nonprofit Audiovisual Archives section. Science and Technology Council, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 2012

Digital Preservation Coalition (2021) Personal Archiving - Digital Preservation (Library of Congress)". digitalpreservation.gov. Accessed at https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/digital-preservation/why-digital-preservation-matters

Federal Agencies Digitization Guidelines Initiative Audio-Visual Working Group (2014). "Creating and Archiving Born Digital Video Part III. High Level Recommended

Practices" (http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/FADGI_BDV_p3_201 41202.pdf). Federal Agencies Digitization Guidelines Initiative

107 Gbaje E. (2012). Digital preservation and implementation strategies. Paper presented at the Workshop on Academic Library Practice in the Digital Environment organized by the NLA, Academic and Research Library Chapter held at University of Calabar, from 20th -23th November, 2012.

Gladney, H. M. (2004). "Trustworthy 100-year digital objects: Evidence after every witness is dead." ACM Transactions on Information Systems 22 (3): 406–436.

Hedstrom, M. (1997). Digital Preservation: A Time bomb for Digital Libraries.

Computers and the Humanities. 31(3), 189-202.

International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (2009). "Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects". Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015.

Lakshminarasimhappa, M. C. & Veena, M. R. (2014). Digital Preservation in Libraries- Why and How? International Journal of Digital Library Services, Issue 4, Oct – Nov 2014. Accessed at http://www.ijodls.in/uploads/3/6/0/3/3603729/9444.pdf

LOC- Library of Congress (2019). Moving Images".

digitalpreservation.govhttps://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/content/vid eo.shtml

Maitland, Jo (2008). Best Practices: Email Archiving . Forrester Research, Inc. from the original on 2010-07-04.

Igberaese, M. O. & Sambo, A. S. (2014). Awareness of Digital Preservation Strategies by Librarians in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology, 7 (2) (2014). Accessed at https://www.jaistonline.org/OkohSambo_vol7no2_2k14.pdf McLeod, R., Wheatley, P. & Ayris, P. (2006). Information for E-literature Abstract.

accessdate 2008-08-14 LIFE

New World Encyclopedia (nd). Digital Preservation. Accessed at https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Digital_preservation

Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (2006). OCLC Digital Archive Preservation Policy and Supporting Documentation, 5. oclc.org. Retrieved August 14, 2008.

108 Pennock, Maureen (2006). "Curating E-Mails: A Life-cycle Approach to the Management and Preservation of E-mail Messages" DCC Digital Curation Manual. Retrieved 18 February 2013.

Prom, Christopher J (2011). "Technology Watch Report 11-01: Preserving Email": 5.

Retrieved 18 February 2013.

Smithsonian Institution Archives (2017). "Digital Video Preservation". Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved 2021-10-12.

Tadic, L. (2012). "Video Preservation for the Millennia" . AMIA Tech Review Journal (4). Retrieved 21 March 2013

UNESCO (2021). Concept of Digital Preservation. Accessed at https://en.unesco.org/themes/information-preservation/digital-heritage/concept-digital-preservation

Xie, I. & Matusiak, K. K. (2016). Digital Preservation, in Discover Digital Libraries

Theory and Practice, Pages 255-279. Accessed at

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124171121000090