Consecuencias de los Cambios Normativos Aprobados por el Gobierno

Intensive research efforts have led to an explosion of characterized R genes and the effector proteins encoded by viral, bacterial, fungal and oomycete pathogens to which they confer recognition (Catanzariti et al., 2006; Kamoun, 2006; Stavrinides et al., 2008). At the same time, however, defining how Avr proteins trigger R protein-mediated resistance has proved to be challenging, as typical R proteins are difficult biochemical subjects. Moreover, genetic efforts to identify important components of R protein signalling have yielded few players, suggesting that the proteins involved in resistance might be important for viability by performing essential cellular functions. Further insight into how plants are able to resist pathogens may be gleaned from the studies that define how effectors function at a molecular level to enhance pathogen virulence by inhibiting resistance mechanisms. By identifying targets of virulence function, it may be possible to discover proteins involved in the initial interactions that lead to gene-for-gene resistance. Although some of these initial Avr targets are known, little is known about how pathogen perception is transduced into a signal that produces a response. The varied structures of the different R gene classes suggests that there may be numerous different initiation pathways (input) that seemingly converge upon a similar output pathway that leads to programmed cell death. The existence of distinct classes of pathogen Avr receptors are likely to exclude the possibility of finding a ‘Rosetta stone’ for deciphering R protein activation; however, it is possible that there will be a few

Disease Resistance Genes: Form and Function 123 key proteins for each class of R gene that will lead to a downstream player that will be a nexus for resistance signalling.

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