DE LOS CONSEJOS LOCALES DE TUTELA CAPÍTULO ÚNICO

wire or other conductor when, and only when, current passes through it. 2. Magnetism caused by an electric current in a conductor.

electromechanical actuator A device which uses an electrically operated motor driven gear train or screw to position the actuator stem. Such actuators may operate in response to either analog or digital electrical signals. The electro-mechanical actuator is also referred to as a motor gear train actuator.

electromechanical transducer 144 electronic part electromechanical transducer A type of transdu­

cer in which the input signal is an electric wave and the output mechanical oscillation, or vice versa.

electrometallurgy That branch of science concerned with the application of electrochemistry to the extrac­ tion or treatment of metals.

electrometer An instrument for measuring electric charge, usually by means of the forces exerted on one or more charged electrodes in an electric field.

electrometric or potentiometric method of pH measurement This method is almost universally used in the processing industries. The pH is determi­ ned by measuring the voltage developed by two elec­ trodes in contact with the electrolytic solution. A che­ mical reaction takes place between the electrodes and the ionized solution (electrolyte), producing an elec­ trical potential. The measuring system consists of th­ ree major elements: the measuring electrode, the refe­ rence electrode, and an instrument to sense and amplify the very small voltage developed between the two electrodes.

electromotive force, EMF See under thermocouple.

electromotive force series A list of elements ar­ ranged according to their standard electrode potenti­ als, with noble metals, such as gold, being positive and active metals, such as zinc, being negative.

electromotive series A list of metals arranged in decreasing order of their tendency to pass into ionic form by losing electrons.

electron A stable elementary particle with a negative charge which is responsible for electrical conduction. Electrons move when under the influence of an elec­ tric field. This movement constitutes an electric cur- rent.

electron – beam recording, EBR A means of using an electron beam to write computer-generated data direct to microfilm.

electron beam A beam of electrons emitted from a source, e.g., a cathode-ray tube (CRT) has a thermio­ nic cathode electron gun which produces the beam.

electron-beam instrument Also called a cathode- ray instrument. An instrument in which a beam of electrons is deflected by an electric or magnetic field (or both).

electron emission The liberation of electrons from an electrode into the surrounding space. Note: Quanti­ tatively, it is the rate at which electrons are emitted from an electrode.

electron flow The movement of electrons from a ne­ gative to a positive point in a metal or other conductor, or from a negative to a positive electrode through a li­ quid, gas, or vacuum.

electron gun The device in writing tube or CRT which generates the electron beam.

electronic Pertaining to that branch of science deal­ ing with the motion, emission, and behavior of cur- rents of free electrons, especially in vacuum, gas, or phototubes and special conductors or semiconductors. This is contrasted with electric, which pertains to the flow of large currents in metal conductors.

electronic analog computer An automatic compu­ ting device that operates in terms of continuous varia­ tion of some physical quantities, such as electric vol­ tages and currents, mechanical shaft rotations, or displacements, and that is used primarily to solve dif­ ferential equations.

electronic blackboard Means of transmitting handwritten text and diagrams over a telephone line.

electronic calculator Electronic device for arithme­ tic and logaritmic computations; may also include di­ gital printer and computer.

electronic circuit A circuit containing one or more electron tubes, transistors, magnetic amplifiers, etc.

electronic communications The specialized field concerned with the use of electronic device and sys­ tems for the acquisition or acceptance, processing, storage, display, analysis, protection, and transfer of information.

electronic computer originated mail, ECOM

The U.S. Postal Service’s version of electronic mail.

electronic control The control of a machine or con­ dition by electronic devices.

electronic counter An instrument capable of coun­ ting up to several million electrical pulses per second.

electronic crowbar An electronic switching device generally used in a power supply to divert a fault cur- rent from more delicate components until a fuse, cir­ cuit breaker or the like has time to respond.

electronic data processing Data processing per- formed largely by electronic equipment.

electronic differential analyzer A form of analog computer using interconnected electronic integrators to solve differential equations.

electronic direct-current motor drive The com­ bination of an electronic direct-current motor control­ ler with its associated motor or motors.

electronic engineering A branch of electrical engi­ neering that applies the principles of electronics to the solution of practical problems.

electronic gate A device in which diodes and/or transistors provide input-output relations that cor­ respond to a Boolean-algebra function (AND, OR, etc.).

electronic hash Electrical interfering noise arising from vibrators or commutators.

electronic heating Also called high-frequency hea­ ting. A method of heating a material by inducing a high-frequency current in it or having the material act as the dielectric between two plates charged with a high-frequency current.

Electronic Industries Association, EIA A trade association of the electronics industry (USA). Some of its functions are the formation of technical stan­ dards, dissemination of marketing data, and the main­ tenance of contact with government agencies in mat­ ters relating to the electronics industry.

Electronic Industries Association (EIA) stan­ dard code A code or coding system conforming to any one of the standards established by the EIA.

electronic instrument Any instrument which de­ pends for its operation on the action of either one or more electron devices.

electronic integrator In an electronic integrator, the instantaneous value of the rate of change of the ampli­ tude of the output signal from an integrator is propor­ tional to the amplitude of the input signal.

electronic interference Electrical or electromagne­ tic disturbances that result in undesired response in electronic equipment.

electronic keyboard A keyboard that is used to ge­ nerate characters through electronic means rather than through mechanical linkages.

electronic mailbox System for holding messages sent by electronic mail until the person to whomthey were sent is ready to accept them.

electronic measuring instrument A measuring instrument intended to measure on electrical or non- electrical quantity using electronic means.

electronic packaging The coating or surrounding of an electronic assembly with a dielectric compound.

electronic part A basic circuit element that cannot be disassembled and still perform its intended func-

electronic power converter 145 electrostatic separation

tion. Examples of electronic parts are capacitors, con­ nectors, filters, resistors, switches, relays, transfor­ mers, crystals, electron tubes and semiconductor devices.

electronic power converter Electronic devices for transforming electric power.

electronic profilometer An electronic instrument for measuring surface roughness.

electronic rectifier A rectifier using electron tubes or equivalent semiconductor elements as rectifying elements.

electronic relay An electronic circuit that provides the functional equivalent of a relay, but has no moving parts.

electronics (adjective) Of, or pertaining to, the field of electronics. Examples: Electronics engineer, electronics course, electronics laboratory, and electro­ nics committee.

electronic smog Excessive stray electromagnetic fields and static electricity generated by large numbers of electronic equipment.

electronic speed control A system whereby a mo­ tor’s speed is controlled by feedback from a frequen­ cy-sensing circuit attached to the device being powe­ red; changes from the desired speed cause corrective signals to speed up or slow down the motor.

electronic surge arrestor A device used to switch high-energy surges to ground so as to reduce the tran­ sient energy to a level that is safe for secondary pro­ tectors (e.g. zener diodes, silicon rectifiers etc.).

electronic switch A circuit element causing a start and stop action or a switching action electronically, usually at high speeds.

electronic thermal conductivity The part of the thermal conductivity due to the transfer of thermal en­ ergy by means of electrons and holes.

electronic transition A transition in which an elec­ tron in an atom or molecule moves from one energy level to another.

electron metallography Using an electron micros- cope to study the structure of metals and alloys.

electronmicroprobe analysis A technique for de­ terminig concentration and distribution of chemical elements over a microscopic area of a specimen by bombarding the specimen with high-energy electrons in an evacuated chamber and performing x-ray diff­ raction analysis of secondary x-radiation emitted by the specimen.

electron microscope Any of several designs of ap­ paratus that use diffracted electron beams to make en­ larged images of tiny objects.

electron tube Any device whose operation depends on conduction by the flow of electrons through a va­ cuum or gasfilled space within a gastight envelope.

electron volt A unit of energy equal to the work done in accelerating one electron through an electric poten­ tial difference of one volt.

electro-optic detector Any device capable of detec­ ting transmitted light by converting the received radia­ tion into some form of electrical signal.

electro-optic effect (optical communication) A change in the optical characteristic of a material under the influence of an electric field. Notes: 1. Pockels and Kerr effects are examples of electro-optic effects.

2. Electro-optic is often erroneously used as a syno­

nym for optoelectronic. 3. The most common effect results in a change in refractive index.

electro-optic material A material having refractive indexes that can be attered by an applied electric field.

electro-optics The study of the effects of electric fields on optical phenomena.