Consideraciones finales
1. La etiología de las recesiones gingivales es multifactorial, donde la presencia de placa bacteriana, el biotipo y la posición del diente dentro del hueso alveolar influyen en el desarrollo de recesiones gingivales.
2. La verdadera implicación de la ortodoncia en la aparición de recesiones gingivales no está clara y genera controversia.
3. Existen estudios que correlacionan las recesiones gingivales con la ortodoncia; sin embargo gran numero de ellos no encuentran diferencias significativas en cuanto a los posibles efectos iatrogénicos sobre el periodonto con el tratamiento ortodónicco.
4. La resolución de ciertas maloclusiones como cierre de mordidas abiertas, abordaje de dientes incluidos, resolución de apiñamientos sin extracciones (mediante expansión de arcadas y proinclinación de incisivos), son situaciones de riesgo para la aparición de recesiones.
5. Se evidencia de algunos artículos que las técnicas ortodóncicas expansionistas que se imponen en la actualidad responden más al marketing que a una base cientifíca.
6. No hallamos evidencia científica en la literatura que avale la estabilidad del trataiento ortodónico con el sistema DamonH.
7. Son necesarios más estudios de nivel de evidencia elevado, que presten especial atención al tratamiento de ortodoncia en pacientes adultos y que se centren en técnicas no extraccionistas.
Allais D and Melsen B; Does labial movement of lower incisors influence the level of the gingival margin? A case–control study of adult orthodontic patients; European Journal of Orthodontics, 2003; 25: 343-352
Basciftci F, Akin M, Ileri Z, Bayram S; Long-term stability of dentoalveolar, skeletal, and soft tissue changes after non-extraction treatment with a self-ligating system; Korean J Orthod, 2014; 44(3): 119-127
Bassarelli T, Dalstra M, Melsen B. Changes in clinical Crown height as a result of transversal expansión of the maxilla in adults. European Journal of Orthodontics, 2005; 27: 121-128
Becker A, Brin I, Ben-Bassat Y, Zilberman Y, Chaushu E; Closed-eruption surgical technique for impacted maxillary incisors: A postorthodontic periodontal evaluation; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2002;122: 9-14
Boke F, Gazioglu C, Akkaya S, Akkaya M; Relationship between orthodontic treatment and gingival health: A retrospective study; European Journal of Dentistry, 2014; 8 (3)
Bollen A, Cunha-Cruz J, Bakko D, Huang G, Hujoel P; The effects of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health; JADA, 2008;139(4): 413-422
Bonetti G, Incerti S, Zucchelli G; Onychophagia and postorthodontic isolated gingival recession: Diagnosis and treatment; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2012;142: 872-8
Burrow J. To extract or not to extract: A diagnostic decision, not a marketing decisión. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2008;133: 341-2
Chatzopoulou D; Management of gingival recession in the orthodontic patient; Semin Orthod, 2014
Djeu G, Hayes C, Zawaideh S,; Correlation Between Mandibular Central Incisor Proclination and Gingival Recession During Fixed Appliance Therapy; Angle Orthod, 2002; 72: 238-245
Dorfman HS; Mucogingival changes resulting from mandibular incisor tooth movement, Am J Orthod, 1978; 74:3
Frank A, Long M; Periodontal concerns associated with the orthodontic treatment of impacted teeth; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2002;121:639-49
Gamba DG, Castanha JH, Janson G, Freitas MR, Yacubian F. Periodontal effects of rapid maxillary expansion with tooth-tissue-borne and tooth-borne expanders: A computed tomography evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2006; 129: 749-58
Ghafari J, DMD, and Haddad R; Open bite: Spectrum of treatment potentials and limitations; Semin Orthod, 2013; 19: 239-252
Gkantidis N, Christou P, Topouzelis N; The orthodontic–periodontic interrelationship in integrated treatment challenges: a systematic review; Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2010; 37: 377-390
Joss-Vassalli I, Grebenstein C, Topouzelis N, Sculean A, Katsaros C; Orthodontic therapy and gingival recession: a systematic review; Orthod Craniofac Res, 2010; 13: 127-141
Lang NP and Löe H; The Relationship Between the Width of Keratinized Gingiva and Gingival Health; Am J. Periodontol, 1972; 10
Masella R and Chung P; Thinking Beyond the Wire: Emerging Biologic Relationships in Orthodontics and Periodontology; Semin Orthod, 2008; 14: 290-304
Melsen B and Allais D; Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: A retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2005; 127: 552-61
Miller PD; A Classification of Marginal Tissue Recession; International Journal of Periodontics ond Restorative Dentistry, 1985; (2)
Nguyen B, Kadioglu O, Currier F, Olsen J; Cone beam computed tomography evaluation after palatal expansion and orthodontics; Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists, 2013; 2: 9-13
Peck S .The Current Fashion of Nonextraction Dental Arch Expansion in Orthodontics: A Critique. Semin Orthod, 2012; 18:126-127
Renkema AM, Fudalej PS, Renkema A, Kiekens R, Katsaros C; Development of labial gingival recessions in orthodontically treated patients; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;143:206-12
Sada V, Caffesse R; Enfoque ortodóncico en el tratamiento multidisciplinario de pacientes adultos. Su relación con la periodoncia; RCOE, 2003; 8(6): 673-684
Slutzkey S, and Levin L; Gingival recession in young adults: Occurrence, severity, and relationship to past orthodontic treatment and oral piercing; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2008;134: 652-6
Tavares V; Angle Class I malocclusion treated with lower incisor extraction; Dental Press J Orthod 2013; 18(3):150-8
Vajaria R, BeGole E, Kusnoto B, Galang MT, Obrez A; Evaluation of incisor position and dental transverse dimensional changes using the Damon system; Angle Orthod, 2011;81:647–652
Vasconcelos G, Kjellsen K, Preus H, Vandevska-Radunovic V, Hansen B; Prevalence and severity of vestibular recession in mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment; Angle Orthod, 2012; 82:42-47
Warmuz J, Puszkiel P, Botzenhart B, Gedrange T, Dominiak M; Practical Application of a Method for Assessing the Progression of Gingival Recessions in Orthodontically Treated Patients-A Pilot Study; OHDM, 2014; 13(3)
Wennström JL; Mucogingival Considerations in Orthodontic Treatment; Semin Orthod, 1996; 2:46-54
Wolk R; Who Is Driving and Where Are We Going?; Angle Orthodontist, 2008; 8(4)
Wright N, Modarai F, Cobourne M, DiBiase; A Do you do DamonH? What is the current evidence base underlying the philosophy of this appliance system?; Journal of Orthodontics, 2011; 38: 222–230
Yagci A, Veli I; Uysal T, Ucar F Ozer T, Enhos S; Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography; Angle Orthod, 2012; 82:67-74
Yared K, Zenobio E, Pacheco W; Periodontal status of mandibular central incisors after orthodontic proclination in adults; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2006; 130:6-8
Zasciurinskienea E, Bjerklinb K, Smailienec D, Sidlauskasd A, Puisyse A; Initial Vertical and Horizontal Position of Palatally Impacted Maxillary Canine and Effect on Periodontal Status Following Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment; Angle Orthodontist, 2008; 78(2)