Constitución e Implementación Física de la Empresa

Ethical considerations are vital in any educational research, and include consideration of potential harm to participants, informed consent (Cohen et al., 2000), and right of withdrawal from the research (Denzin & Lincoln, 1998; 2003; 2008). Of primary importance is to ensure that there is no harm done to the participants in the research (Denzin and Lincoln, 2008). Therefore, a good qualitative study is one that is conducted in an ethical manner. Confidentiality is very important so that participants will not feel threatened and, therefore, willingly share with the researcher (Patton, 2002). Informed consent is also very important to make sure that both the researcher and the participants have a mutual understanding of their relationship so that commitment from both parties is genuine.

The maintenance of confidentiality is especially critical and I explained its importance to the students before they signed consent forms and agreed to engage in talanoa, tœlave and tœlanga. As a mechanism to protect participants, consent forms were used to ensure anonymity and prevent participants from being targets of criticism. With an explanation of ethical expectations and written consent forms, each participant received copies of the consent forms that they signed.

Recognising that I needed to adhere to a high standard of ethics, I recalled a research study involving Tongan participants in Fua’s (2006, p. 3) work entitled “Emerging Themes and Methodologies from Educational Research in Tonga”. She listed a number of ethics which Tongan participants were adamant that researchers maintain, such as: The privacy of the people must be protected; Research must be culturally appropriate regarding relationships and culture; Respect must be shown when conducting interviews and in the research tools used; the process should promote loyalty and be consensual and non-confrontational. These features are only a few of the many that Fua mentions. These guidelines are among the primary principles undergirding the practices required to build relationships predicated on Pacific values like tauhi vœ (protecting and nurturing relationships), mateaki’i meұa (loyalty), and faka’apa’apa (respect). These are clearly stated ethics and guidelines that I consciously worked to observe throughout the research process. Protecting participants’ identities and responses was a top priority for me. With regard to the talanoa that took place individually and collectively, all text-based data (hard-copies of transcripts of interviews, and my written field notes) were stored in a locked file cabinet at my personal place of residence. Moreover, the confidentiality of computerised data was maintained in a password protected computer at my home.

4.12 Summary

This chapter deliberates on the need to have clear methodology and method in research especially with issues that are affecting Pasifika people in A/NZ. However having

4.12 Summary

This chapter deliberates on the need to have clear methodology and method in research especially with issues that are affecting Pasifika people in A/NZ. However having

established founga fekumi, helps to decide the sequence, guidelines and ethical standard of this research. It was imperative also that this research selects and developed Tongan conceptual framework and paradigm as benchmark. The using of Kakala as a research framework significantly merits the relevancy and meaningful of using indigenous and Pasifika research framework as guidelines.

The addition of napangapangamœlieto the course of kakalastages further strengthens the need to have reliable, balanced, circularity, totality and relevancy to the research process. Napangapangamœlieactually fuses the sense that, though all ideas and practices may have their differences, at the end there is a compromising platform of taking what is best and most relevant for Pasifika-Tongan people in A/NZ.

The chapter concludes with the extension of talanoato use tœlangaand tœlavewhich merit the use of indigenous framework for data collection. Indigenous methodology provides insights protocols of how research is conducted appropriately and fittingly for Pasifika issues. Using tœlaveand tœlangahelp to provide richness in the data collection especially when voices of the participants were identified and used.

established founga fekumi, helps to decide the sequence, guidelines and ethical standard of this research. It was imperative also that this research selects and developed Tongan conceptual framework and paradigm as benchmark. The using of Kakalaas a research framework significantly merits the relevancy and meaningful of using indigenous and Pasifika research framework as guidelines.

The addition of napangapangamœlieto the course of kakalastages further strengthens the

need to have reliable, balanced, circularity, totality and relevancy to the research process. Napangapangamœlieactually fuses the sense that, though all ideas and practices

may have their differences, at the end there is a compromising platform of taking what is best and most relevant for Pasifika-Tongan people in A/NZ.

The chapter concludes with the extension of talanoato usetœlangaand tœlavewhich merit

the use of indigenous framework for data collection. Indigenous methodology provides insights protocols of how research is conducted appropriately and fittingly for Pasifika issues. Using tœlaveandtœlangahelp to provide richness in the data collection especially