REFORMA CONSTITUCIONAL DE JUNIO DEL 2011 SUS ALCANCES Y CONSECUENCIAS
CONSTITUCIÓN SUS DIFERENCIAS Y FINALIDAD DENTRO DEL
One special type of report is a Trend Analysis Chart, often just called a Trend Chart. The Trend Chart trends a KPI on a scorecard. This trend is for historical data but can also be used to create a forecast using one of the data mining algorithms built into
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B u s i n e s s I n t e l l i g e n c e w i t h M i c r o s o f t O f f i c e P e r f o r m a n c e P o i n t S e r v e r 2 0 0 7Analysis Services. Note that more than one KPI can be used but each KPI will get its own Trend Chart. The Trend Chart still uses the Office Web Components, but its functionality cannot be reproduced currently using the Analytic Chart.
There is a server property setting in Analysis Services that must be set in order for this feature to work. This property is named DataMining\AllowSessionMiningModels and it must be set to True, as the default value is False. In order to this, a database or data warehousing administer would open SQL Server Management Studio and connect to the server running Analysis Services. By right-clicking on the server and choosing Properties, the administrator can access the server properties and change the setting. Figure 5-27 shows both the location of the setting and the fact that it has been set to true, although it has not yet been changed. Notice also in Figure 5-27 that the Restart column does not have a Yes in it. This is good news; this means the server does not have to be restarted when this value is changed.
Once the AllowSessionMiningModels property has been set to True, the Trend Chart can be created and properly provide forecasts. To produce a forecast, there must be at least three time periods on which to build the forecast, though more values will produce better forecasts up to a point. You should realize, however, that
Figure 5-27 Setting the AllowSessionMiningModel property on the Analysis Services instance in order to enable Trend Analysis Charts
C h a p t e r 5 : M o n i t o r i n g i n P e r f o r m a n c e P o i n t S e r v e r
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sales data for a product that occurred ten years ago probably has little bearing on sales today.
In order to create a Trend Chart, there must be a scorecard that contains the KPI of interest. For this example there is a simple scorecard that shows the Gross Profit Margin for the eight quarters covering 2002 and 2003. By right-clicking on Reports and then New Report, the Trend Analysis Chart template can be chosen. The first screen of the Create Trend Analysis Chart dialog box asks the same three questions as the others: the name, folder, and Read permission settings. The next step asks for the scorecard containing the KPIs. If a new scorecard has been created but does not show up in the list, cancel out of the wizard, publish the scorecard, and then rerun the wizard.
After selecting the scorecard, a list of KPIs appears. Remember that there is one Trend Chart per KPI, so selecting multiple KPIs on this screen will result in multiple Trend Charts. Finally, clicking the Finish button builds the report. After closing the wizard, the designer is presented with a report similar to that shown in Figure 5-28. By default, the chart shows a line graph for the actual values.
Figure 5-28 The Trend Chart shows the historical trend of the KPI but does not show any forecast until a forecast period is set.
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B u s i n e s s I n t e l l i g e n c e w i t h M i c r o s o f t O f f i c e P e r f o r m a n c e P o i n t S e r v e r 2 0 0 7Figure 5-29 The Select Time Period panel allows designers to modify the historical time period shown as well as forecast future periods.
Below the chart is a panel labeled Select Time Period. This panel is shown in its entirety in Figure 5-29. This is where designers can enter the number of time periods to forecast (up to three). Designers can also choose to modify the selection of values used for input. By default this Trend Chart chose the eight quarters that were on the scorecard, but clicking on the link brings up the hierarchy where individual members can be checked or unchecked. Alternately, the developer could simply click on the radio button to enter a fixed number of trailing periods to use for the forecast. The advanced settings allow some fine tuning of the algorithm. To learn more about the algorithm, information is available on the time series algorithm in the SQL Server books online.
After choosing to forecast three periods into the future, the chart updates to that shown in Figure 5-30. In this instance, the last three periods are forecast from the data mining algorithm, while previous values are the actual values. The forecasted values actually appear in red while the historical data is in blue. In Figure 5-30, the forecast seems to be just slightly below 10% for this particular Trend Chart.
Strategy Maps
Recall from Chapter 4 that strategy maps are often used to provide a high level overview of the business. PerformancePoint Server allows for a lower-level of strategy map to be employed as a viewing tool. These strategy maps are simply Visio 2007 images that have shapes mapped directly to KPIs on a scorecard. The strategy
C h a p t e r 5 : M o n i t o r i n g i n P e r f o r m a n c e P o i n t S e r v e r
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maps can be created in Visio 2007 or directly within PerformancePoint Server, which basically uses a stripped down Visio editor. The shapes become live in that they can take on the name of the KPI and change color to match the color of the indicator.
In order to set up a strategy map, it will be necessary to lay out the map in Visio or the PerformancePoint Server using blank shapes. Each KPI and Objective to be represented will need its own shape on the Visio diagram. The actual shape isn’t particularly important, but typically it’s a rectangle or other shape that can hold text inside it.
Figure 5-31 shows a simplified strategy map that contains just a single objective and two metrics to achieve that objective. The objective is to maximize gross profit margin. The two metrics that will feed this objective are Internet Gross Profit Margin and Reseller Gross Profit Margin. These two metrics are already KPIs on a scorecard, and the strategy map objective is also an objective on the same scorecard.
Figure 5-30 The Trend Chart with a forecast of the gross profit margin over the next three quarters.
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B u s i n e s s I n t e l l i g e n c e w i t h M i c r o s o f t O f f i c e P e r f o r m a n c e P o i n t S e r v e r 2 0 0 7In order to use this Visio file as a strategy map, the first step is to create a new report and choose the Strategy Map template. After giving the report a name, the wizard asks what scorecard will serve as the basis for the strategy map. In this case, the same scorecard that was used to demonstrate scorecard objectives will be used because it contains two KPIs that roll up into a single objective, and the strategy map was built to reflect this particular scenario. After selecting the appropriate scorecard and finishing the wizard, the report displays in the main work area of Dashboard Designer, but it is blank. The developer must click on the Edit Strategy Map button on the Edit ribbon, which launches the Strategy Map Editor dialog box. This is also initially blank, but clicking on the Open Visio File button will allow the developer to choose a Visio file to use. Figure 5-32 shows the Visio file from the previous
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figure loaded into the Strategy Map Editor. Note that it’s possible to modify the strategy map here. New shapes can be added, existing shapes removed, and so forth. Note also that the Strategy Map Editor looks almost identical to full-blown Visio, including the ability to open various stencils in order to access different shapes.
Once the strategy map is laid out as desired, the most important part of the dialog is the Connect Shape button. First, the developer clicks on one of the shapes on the diagram and then clicks the Connect Shape button. This opens a dialog box that lists the KPIs on the scorecard that was chosen when the strategy map report was being created. In this example, the rectangle inside the Objectives section of the strategy map will be mapped to the KPI named Overall Gross Profit Margin, which is actually an objective in the scorecard. After selecting the KPI, it is possible to tie it to either the actual KPI or its target. (In most cases the developer will choose target.) Recall from the section on Objectives in a Scorecard that the objective doesn’t have an actual—it just has a target that is an indicator of its health. Likewise, the interest here is in the overall health of the metric, which is displayed by the target. Also, by
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B u s i n e s s I n t e l l i g e n c e w i t h M i c r o s o f t O f f i c e P e r f o r m a n c e P o i n t S e r v e r 2 0 0 7default, the text in the shape becomes that of the KPI name. This can be changed later if desired.
In this example, the two rounded rectangles are tied to Internet Gross Profit Margin and Reseller Gross Profit Margin respectively. The order does not matter, because both roll up into the objective. Once the developer clicks the Apply button, the strategy map is rendered in Dashboard Designer and the shapes take on the colors of the indicators for the KPIs or Objectives they represent. Figure 5-33 shows that the shapes now contain the KPI names and while it is difficult to tell in a black and white image, the Overall Gross Profit Margin box is yellow (Slightly Off Target), the Internet Gross Profit Margin box is green (On Target) and the Reseller Gross Profit Margin box is red (Off Target.) The text in the boxes matches that of the KPI names but editing the strategy map again will allow the developer to type anything into those boxes, so Overall Gross Profit Margin could be modified to a more business-oriented objective, such as Maximize Gross Profit Margin.
Figure 5-33 The strategy map shapes change colors and take on the KPI names after being connected to KPIs on a scorecard.
C h a p t e r 5 : M o n i t o r i n g i n P e r f o r m a n c e P o i n t S e r v e r